北京地区不同土纲典型剖面的土壤微形态特征

Micromorphological Characteristics of Typical Profiles in Different Soil Orders in Beijing Area

以北京地区不同土纲典型剖面为例,通过观察土壤薄片,利用ENVI图像统计分析功能,从土壤微结构、粗骨颗粒、土壤形成物与孔隙几个方面研究其微形态特征。结果表明:北京地区不同土纲典型剖面土壤之间微形态差异明显。淋溶土典型剖面土壤发育完全,Bt层常见到黏粒淀积胶膜;雏形土与新成土土壤微结构发育程度较低,没有淀积黏粒存在,但雏形土形成了B层,存在孔洞状结构,钙积现象明显,土壤发育较新成土成熟。人为土明显表现出大量人类活动的痕迹,侵入物、动植物遗迹多见,土壤发育最为成熟。

Typical profiles in different soil orders in Beijing area were selected to be used for studying micromorphological characteristics, such as soil microstructure, skeleton grain, Pedological characteristics and pores through soil section observation and pictures analyzation in ENVI. Results showed that the differences of micromorphological characteristics among different soil profiles in Beijing were apparent. Alfisol developed fully, illuviation argillan were common in Bt horizon; Microstructure of Cambisol and Entisol were not developed well, noilluviation argillan was found, but B horizon was formed,hole structures appeared, and calcic evidence also could be found in Cambisol, indicating it developed better than Entisol. Anthropic soil showed a large number of traces of human activities, and more visible invaders, animal and plant remains, showing it more mature than the other three soil orders.