广东碳市场实践对建立全国统一碳市场的启示

The Practice of Guangdong Carbon Market and Its Enlightenment to Establishing a Unified National Carbon Market

全国统一碳市场对于促进全国资源优化配置、协调各地低碳经济发展和实现碳强度与碳总量的双控目标意义重大。以广东碳市场为例进行探索:首先总结广东碳市场的实践经验,包括增大基准线法适用比例与提高基准线标准的碳强度控制和设置总量基准线与限制行业及区域排放的碳总量控制;然后重点分析广东碳市场运行中存在的6个问题,即顶层设计缺乏系统性和科学性、无法保障碳配额的稀缺性、碳市场机制缺乏成本有效性、一级市场对二级市场的价格指导作用不明显、企业重视程度不够以及碳履约中CCER项目比重偏低等;最后,结合广东碳市场与发达国家主要碳市场的实践,对建立全国统一碳市场提出相应的政策建议。

A unified national carbon market is crucial for facilitating the optimal resource allocation, balancing low - car- bon economy development and achieving the double goals of total carbon emissions with carbon intensity. Based on Guang- dong carbon market, the paper explores as follows ： First, we summarize the practice of Guangdong carbon market including controlling carbon intensity - increasing applied baseline method and baseline standards, and carbon emissions - restrai- ning the industrial and regional emissions; Second, the analysis focuses on six problems in Guangdong carbon market, i. e. lack of systematicness and scientificalness in top - level design, scarcity absence of carbon quotas, loss of cost effective- ness in carbon market mechanism, no significant price guidance of the primary market to the secondary market, less atten- tions of enterprises and low proportion of CCER in carbon compliance; Finally, combined with the practices of Guangdong and developed countries carbon markets, we put forward the corresponding policy proposals in the establishment of unified national carbon market.