黄河中下游农业景观异质性对传粉昆虫多样性的多尺度效应——以巩义市为例

Multi-scale effects of landscape heterogeneity on pollinators' diversity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River: A case study in Gongyi,Henan,China

农业景观中非农生物所提供的服务是生态系统保持稳定的基础,随着农业集约化程度的加强,生物多样性的持续丧失是现代农业发展最突出的表现形式之一.本文以黄河中下游典型农业区巩义市为研究区,根据其典型的地貌特征(山地-丘陵-河川)来探究地貌类型、景观和生境3种尺度上景观异质性对传粉昆虫多样性的影响.本研究使用诱捕盘法(pan traps)获取传粉昆虫,采用多因素方差分析多尺度上农业景观异质性对传粉昆虫多样性的影响.结果表明:共捕获传粉昆虫67012头,分属7个目、86个科.其中,优势类群为食蚜蝇科、花蝇科;常见类群为果蝇科、丽蝇科、蜂虻科、头蝇科、花萤科、瘿蜂科、胡蜂科、小蜂科、切叶蜂科、蜜蜂科.地貌类型对传粉昆虫多样性的影响最为显著(P<0.001),表明丘陵和山地地区为传粉昆虫的蜜源地;其次是生境尺度(P<0.05),但景观尺度和尺度间的交互作用的影响不显著.丘陵和山地地区的景观异质性对传粉昆虫多样性的影响为本地区不同地貌类型的景观规划和生物多样性保护提供了理论支持.

Eco-services provided by non-agricultural organisms are the basis of ecosystem to keep its stability in agricultural landscapes. With the strengthening of agricultural intensification, the on- going loss of biodiversity is one of the most extrusive issues in the development of modem agricul- ture. In this paper, the study area was set up in Gongyi County, a typical agricultural region in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. According to its typical topography （ mountain-hilly- plain） type, we explored the effects of landscape heterogeneity on the diversity of pollinators at three different scales, which were geomorphic categories, landscape and habitat. Pan traps were used to obtain pollinators in this study. The effects of agricultural landscape heterogeneity at multi- scales on the diversity of pollinators were analyzed by using multivariable ANOVA. The results showed that a total of 67012 pollinator individuals that belonged to 86 classes and 7 subjects were classified. The dominant groups inclu-ded Syrphidae and Anthomyiidae. The common groups includ- ed Drosophilidae, Calliphoridae, Bombyliidae, Pipuneulidae, Cantharidae, Cynipidae, Vespidae, Chalalcididae, Megachilidae and Apidae. Geomorphic categories showed the most significant impact on pollinators （P〈0.001）, suggesting that hilly and mountainous areas were the pollinators＇ ground of nectar. It was followed by habitat scale （P〈0.05）, with non-significant effect on the scales of landscape and the interaction between scales. The effect of landscape heterogeneity on the diversity of pollinators in hilly and mountainous areas provided a theoretical support for landscape planning and biodiversity conservation on the local area with different geomorphic categories.