中国农业用水效率区域差异及影响因素研究

Research on Regional Differences and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Water Consumption Efficiency in China

运用DEA测算了2003—2012年的中国各省、市、自治区农业用水效率,并采用Tobit模型考察了农业用水效率的影响因素。结果表明,从总体上看,目前中国农业用水效率比较低,但呈逐年上升趋势;农业用水效率具有明显的区域差异,东部地区最高,中部地区次之,西部地区最低;有效灌溉指数、节水灌溉指数、农村居民人均纯收入和人均水资源占有量与农业用水效率呈显著正相关,而农业用水比重和粮食播种面积比重对农业用水效率具有显著负向影响。提出了提高中国农业用水效率的对策与建议。

This paper used DEA to estimate the agricultural water consumption efficiency of every province in China in2003—2012,and used the Tobit model to examine the influencing factors of agricultural water consumption efficiency. The results showed that the current efficiency of agricultural water consumption was relatively low, but it was increasing year by year. Agricultural water consumption efficiency had obvious regional differences, the eastern region was the highest, the middle region was the second, and the western region was the lowest. Effective irrigation index, water-saving irrigation index,rural per capita net income and per capita water resources were positively related to the efficiency of agricultural water consumption, but the proportion of agricultural water consumption and the proportion of grain sown area had a significant negative effect on agricultural water consumption efficiency. Finally some suggestions on improving the efficiency of agricultural water consumption in China were put forward.