新疆墨玉县农村维吾尔族围绝经期女性非传染性慢性病的流行病学研究：新疆墨玉县农村维吾尔族围绝经期妇女常见慢性疾病的演变研究

Changes in common chronic diseases among Uyghur perimenopausal women in Moyu county of Xinjiang

目的 了解墨玉县围绝经期妇女常见慢性疾病患病率的演变情况,为农村维吾尔族围绝经期妇女制定慢性病防制措施提供科学依据。方法 分别于2007年和2013年对墨玉县农村维吾尔族居民同一人群进行横断面调查,2007年采用多阶段分层抽样的方法从墨玉县364个自然村中抽取15个村中的1 650名维吾尔族成人,完成慢性肾脏病等慢性疾病患病率的横断面调查,资料完整的40～65岁的围绝经期女性为274人。2013年对该人群进行跟踪调查,资料完整的围绝经期女性为361人,2次调查均进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查。分析围绝经期女性高血压、糖尿病、代谢综合征、肥胖等慢性病患病率。结果 2007年围绝经期妇女高血压、糖尿病、慢性肾脏病、代谢综合征、肥胖、高三酰甘油血症、高胆固醇血症的患病率分别为56.6%、4.7%、11.3%、20.8%、18.6%、44.2%和32.8%。2013年分别为62.6%、8.9%、11.1%、18.6%、27.7%、26.0%和19.7%。与2007年调查结果比较,2013年糖尿病患病率升高明显,围绝经期女性腰围、体质量及体质指数均增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;慢性病患病年龄高峰前移,40～59岁慢性病患病率均增加。结论 围绝经期女性高血压、糖尿病、代谢综合征、肥胖等慢性病患病率明显升高,应该列为重点高危人群并制定有效的防控措施。

Objective To explore the prevalence and trends of common chronic diseases in six years among Uyghur perimenopausal women in Moyu county,and to provide scientific basis for preventing and controlling the chronic diseases.Methods We had conducted an epidemiological survey of CKD in Uyghur adults from 15 out of 364 villages of Moyu county in 2007.The population were randomly selected by using a stratified, multistage sampling and were investigated again in 2013.All subjects received the questionnaire,physical examination and biochemical analysis.Uyghur perimenopausal women aged 40-65 years with complete data collection were 274 in 2007 and 361 in 2013,respectively.A comparison between the two surveys was performed.Results In 2007,the prevalence rates of hypertension and diabetes,chronic kidney disease,metabolic syndrome,obesity,hypertriglyceridemia,hypercholesterolemia in perimenopausal women were 56.6%,4.7%,11.3%,20.8%,18.6%,44.2%,32.8%,while in 2013,the rates were 62.6%,8.9%,11.1%,18.6%,27.7%,26.0%,19.7%,respectively.Within the 6 years,the prevalence of diabetes increased significantly among perimenopausal women,the mean waist circumference,body weight and body mass index were increased（P〈 0.05）.The prevalence rates of common chronic diseases among perimenopausal women aged 40-59 years were increased.Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension,diabetes,obesity increased significantly among Uyghur perimenopausal women,preventive and therapeutic programs are warranted to control this serious health problem.