阿克苏市城郊林10种果树叶面形态与滞尘量的关系

Relationship between Morphological Structure and Dust-holding Capacity of Ten Fruit Tree Leaves in Peri-urban Area of Aksu

城郊经济防护林是城市绿地系统的重要组成部分,不仅能够提供各类水果,而且为城市及其居民持续获得自然生态服务提供保障。本研究对新疆南部典型绿洲城市——阿克苏市郊柯柯牙人工经济防护林10种果树叶面滞尘量及其差异进行对比与排序。结果表明:10种果树的叶面滞尘量可分为3类,第1类滞尘量高(>3.00mg·cm^(-2)),包括葡萄、香梨、红枣和核桃,其滞尘量分别为5.37、4.55、3.88、3.03mg·cm^(-2);第2类的滞尘量中等(1.50~3.00mg·cm^(-2)),包括石榴、无花果、杏,其滞尘量分别为1.66、1.56、1.55 mg·cm^(-2)。第3类的滞尘量低(<1.50 mg·cm^(-2)),包括樱桃、桃、苹果。由此得出,叶面积大、叶面粗糙、叶柄短小,树高、冠幅适中的树种滞尘能力较强。叶面形态结构与滞尘量的关系进一步表明,主脉越突出,侧脉越密集的网状叶脉,排列越紧密,叶片滞尘能力越强。建议在城郊经济林建设当中,尽量优先选用滞尘能力强的乡土果树树种。

As an important component of urban ecosystem,suburb orchard forests can not only supply many kinds of fruit for urban residents,but also provide sustainable ecological services that were beneficial for the cities and their residents.A comparison study was conducted on the amount of the dust retained by the leaves of trees among 10 fruit species in Kokyar artificial afforestation project in the suburb area of Aksu,a typical oasis city in Sothern Xinjiang.The results showed that the ten fruit tree species could be classified into three categories based on the amount of the dust retained.The first category that had the highest amount of the dust retained included Vitis viniferaPyrus sinkiangensisZiziphus jujubaJuglans regia,followed by the second category,including Ficus caricaPunicagranatumArmeniaca vulgaris,and the third one,including Prunus pseudocerasusAmygdalus persicaMalus pumila.In conclusion,trees with big leaf area,coarse surface,short petiole,moderate height and crown demonstrated strong dust-retaining capability.The relationship between leaf morphological structure and the dust-retaining capacity investigation indicated that the leaves which had high dust retaining capability were those with more promi-nent main leaf veins,more intensive and more closely arrayed lateral veins.It was suggested that native fruit trees with high dust retaining ability should be used for the affforestion in suburb area.