杀虫剂对长江中下游地区水稻害虫田间防效

Control Efficacy of Insecticides on the Rice Insect Pests in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

[目的]针对水稻害虫抗药性上升、化学防治药剂缺乏的现状,2015年在长江中下游地区开展了具有不同作用机理的杀虫剂对水稻稻飞虱、二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟的田间防治效果研究。[结果]吡蚜酮、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺对稻飞虱的防效较好,药后5、10 d的防效分别为80.3%、78.6%、81.9%和90.4%、86.0%、91.1%;异丙威、噻虫嗪、氟啶虫胺腈对白背飞虱防效明显优于褐飞虱,药后5、10 d的防效分别为90.7%、79.3%、92.6%和93.5%、98.3%、98.3%;毒死蜱、噻嗪酮对稻飞虱（褐飞虱、白背飞虱）防效较差,均低于79.2%。双酰胺类杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺对二化螟残虫防效较好,药后21 d防效为80%以上;沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂杀虫单对二化螟残虫防效较差,防效为43.2%~72.7%;与氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺对二化螟残虫防效相比,有机磷类杀虫剂毒死蜱、三唑磷、沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂杀螟丹、昆虫生长调节剂甲氧虫酰肼的防效有明显的差异,这可能与当地用药习惯和二化螟抗药性有关。双酰胺类杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺、四氯虫酰胺、缩氨基脲类杀虫剂茚虫威对稻纵卷叶螟保叶效果较好,药后14 d都在85%以上,有机磷类杀虫剂稻丰散保叶效果较差。[结论]建议水稻主要害虫防治,轮换使用吡蚜酮、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺防治稻飞虱,轮换使用双酰胺类、乙酰甲胺磷防治二化螟,轮换使用双酰胺类、茚虫威防治稻纵卷叶螟。

[Aims] This study aims to investigate the control efficacies of the different groups of insecticides registered on rice plant hopper, stem borer, leaf roller and the current status of insecticide resistance in rice insect pests in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River in 2015, the field trial was conducted. [Results] The results indicated that the control efficacies to white-back plant hopper and brown plant hopper at 5^th day and 10^th day after treatment by pymetrozine, nitenpyram, dinotefuran were 80.3, 78.6, 81.9, 90.4, 86.0 and 91.1% respectively, however, much lower efficacies were shown treated by chlorpyrifos and buprofezin with less than 79.2%. Moreover, the control efficacies to rice white-back plant hopper at 5^th day and 10th day after treatment by isoprocarb, thiamethoxam, sulfoxaflor were 90.7, 79.3, 92.6 and 93.5, 98.3, 98.3%, respectively, which were better than that on brown plant hopper. The insecticidal effects to rice stem borer at 21^th day after treatment by chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide were more than 80%, but lower than that of monosultap. Furthermore, the insecticidal effects by chlorpyrifos, triazophos, cartap, methoxyfenozide were different from place to place, maybe it is related with history of insecticide used and insecticide resistance to rice stem borer. Leaves protected effect on the rice leaf roller at 14^th day after treatment by chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, silvchongxianan, indoxacarb were better, over 85%, however, it was lower treated with phenthoate. [Conclusions] The results suggested that the rotation application of pymetrozine, nitenpyram or dinotefuran could be recommended for the rice plant hopper control, the rotation application of diamides, acephate for the rice stem borer control, the rotation application of diamides, indoxacarb for the rice leaf roller control.