2008-2015年通江县麻疹疫情监测

Surveillance of Measles Epidemics in Tongjiang in 2008 to 2015

目的了解通江县麻疹疫情现状和人群麻疹免疫水平,为制订麻疹疫情针对性干预策略和措施提供可靠依据。方法采用Excel2003对2008-2015年麻疹疫情进行数据处理,2014年检测人群麻疹免疫水平,根据不同年龄、不同性别、不同地区麻疹抗体阳性率分析麻疹免疫水平。结果 2008-2014年该县麻疹疫情处于年均发病率低于1/10万的低流行散发状态,2015年发病率明显上升至8.97/10万;2014年共监测健康人群麻疹抗体标本180份,抗体阳性率仅为35.00%,各年龄段之间有显著性差异(χ2=36.567,P<0.05),男女之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=6.562,P>0.05)。结论通江县2014年健康人群麻疹抗体阳性率明显低于国家规定指标和其他地区,高年龄段尤其显著,未形成有效免疫保护屏障是导致该县2015年麻疹疫情暴发的直接因素,估计今后该县还有多点小规模麻疹暴发,建议该县及时开展适龄人群麻疹疫苗强化免疫接种以尽快补充建立起相关人群免疫保护屏障。

Objective To understand the epidemic status of measles and measles immunity level of people in Tongjiang County so as to provide a reliable basis for devising strategies and measures against measles epidemics. Methods Epidemic data of measles in 2008 to 2015 were processed using Excel 2003. In 2014, the measles immunity levels of people were assayed, and positive rates of measles antibodies were analyzed by different ages, genders and regions. Results Over 2008 to 2014, the annual average incidence rate of measles in the county was persistently lower than 1/100 000 ; in 2015, the incidence rate soared to 8.97/100 000. In 2014, 180 specimens of healthy people were assayed, and the measles antibody positive rate was only 35.00% ; significant differences were found between different age groups （χ^2=36. 567, P 〈 0.05 ）, and no statistically significant difference was found between males and females （χ^2=6. 562, P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion The positive rate of measles antibodies in healthy people in Tongjiang County was significantly lower than the national target and those in other regions in 2014, particularly in people at high ages. Absence of effective immunoprotective barriers was the direct cause of the measles outbreak in 2015. It is anticipated that small - scale outbreaks of measles are possible in the county. Booster immunization of people at suitable ages should be timely performed to establish immunoprotective barriers as early as possible.