柴达木盆地欧龙布鲁克地区构造演化研究

The tectonic deformation and evolution of the Olongbluke area in Eastern Qaidam Basin

柴北缘东段古生界构造变形特征、构造演化过程研究较为薄弱,尤其是古构造应力场性质及其转变机制尚不明确。文中对欧龙布鲁克地区野外剖面及应力感构造要素(褶皱、节理、擦痕)进行了系统观测和分析,结果表明:加里东晚期应力场为NE向;晚海西—印支期早期为SN向,晚期NW向两期挤压应力场;燕山早期近EW向拉张,燕山晚期及喜山晚期处于NE向挤压应力场。根据欧南凹陷平衡剖面反演结果,对比不同时代地层收缩速率可知,柴北缘东段寒武纪—新近纪构造演化可以分为4个阶段:(1)加里东早期(-C—O1)弧后伸展、晚期(O2—S)弧后挤压,导致柴北缘东段初步形成NW向的背斜凸起;(2)晚海西—印支期(P—T)隆升阶段,欧龙布鲁克地区整体处于水体之上,并没有造成盆内二叠系—三叠系的沉积;(3)燕山早期(J1—J2)陆内伸展断陷、晚期(J3—K)挤压反转,欧龙布鲁克地区为继承性隆起,未完全接受沉积;(4)喜山晚期(N—Q)强烈挤压构造变形,逆断层强烈活动使山体快速隆升,基底卷入型构造样式广泛分布。

The study of the tectonic deformation and evolution of the eastern section of North Qaidam is comparatively weak, particularly the paleoteetonic stress characteristics and its transformation mechanism is not clear. In this paper, systematic observation and analysis on stress-response structures （e. g. folds, joints, slickensides） and profile measurements were carried out in Olongbiuke. Results indicate that compressive stress direction in the Caledonian was NE. There were two phase of compressional tectonic events in the late Hercynian-Indosinian, of which the early stress direction was SN and the late stress direction was NW. During the Early to Middle Jurassic, the stretching direction was approximately EW. Then, compressive stress direction changed into NE after the Late Jurassic. Based on balanced cross-section and the strata extension ratio of Ounan depression, the tectonic evolution of Northeast Qaidam can be divided into four stages. During Cambrian to Early Ordovieian, the Ounan sag was under retroarc extensional environment and turned into retroarc extrusion, which resulted in the formation of the NW trending anticline. During the Permian to the Triassic, the whole uplifting of Olongbluke area resulted in the stratigraphic missing. Intracontinental extention within the Early to Middle Jurassic and extrusion inversion within the Cretaceous, the Olongbluke area was in an inherited uplifting and had not fully deposited. In Late Himalayan Epoch, tectonic deformation was intensified and surrounding mountain was uplifted rapidly caused by reverse faulting. Basement curled structural pattern was widely distributed within this phase.