芬兰高校的创新创业教育:内核与启示

Characteristics and Insights of Innovation and Business Startup Education in Finland

芬兰的创新创业教育享誉世界,以教育、技能训练与经济发展紧密结合的人才培养模式,造就了芬兰高等教育的辉煌业绩:以高素质人才支撑高科技产业和经济发展。为此,笔者借参加广州市教育局芬兰"中芬教育乐园"考察团的机会,考察了芬兰比较典型的坦佩雷、于韦斯屈莱市5所大学、职业教育学院的创新创业教育。总结其核心内容,可简要概括为"围绕一个人才培养目标,实施双轨二阶教学,创设三方合作条件,支持四种素质能力发展,形成五个鲜明特色"。给我们的启示主要是在推进创新创业教育的过程中,政府不能缺位、高等学校等教育机构在内部机构、教学等各方面要做相关的改革创新、需要与网络信息时代相适应的模式和平台、要从长远大计上建立全民终身创新创业教育体系。

The education of innovation and business startup in Finland is well known in the world for its close combination of education, skill training and economic developments, which has made great contributions to Finland's social development in higher education, high technology industry and economy. The author participated in a Finland educational investigation tour organized by the Education Bureau of Guangzhou, and visited fi ve universities and higher vocational colleges in Tempere and Jyvaskylato, which feature innovation and business startups education. The author summarizes principles of their programs as centering on one goal of talent training, implementing dual modal and two phased teaching, creating an optimum environment for the school, research institute and enterprise to cooperate with each other; supporting development of four skills; and forming fi ve distinct characteristics. The author concludes some insights in developing innovation and business startup education in China. On the one hand, the government shall set up supportive policies and take up facilitative measures; On the other, higher education organizations shall proceed reforms serving the end of building up informationization-oriented patterns and technical platforms, and establishing lifelong learning system for innovation and business startup education in the long term.