近代女性自我发展研究——基于家庭中心的演变过程的分析

Self-Development of Chinese Women in Modern Times:Analysis of the Evolution of Family Center

中国传统社会要求女性以家庭为中心,围绕"父子轴",努力扮演好贤妻良母的家庭角色,即女性的"三个自我":女儿、妻子、母亲。近代西力东侵、西学东渐引起中国社会的变革,传统家庭运作模式以及两性社会分工和权力关系出现新的变化。这些刺激了传统女性走出家庭中心,家不再成为女性的场域边界和道德束缚。近代女性走出家庭中心有3种途径。近代以来女性在解放和发展历程中,走出传统家庭相对容易,走出以家庭为中心的传统角色难;摆脱对男性的依附容易,实现社会自立、人格独立难;拓展社会领域容易,维系公私领域中角色的平衡难。

Women in ancient China were required to be family centered and play the role of good wife and great mother around the patriarchal father-son axis. The three selves of a woman were daughter,wife and mother. Women should be family- centered and house- centered by obeying the three patriarchal figures and the four ethic rules. Since mid- 19 th century,with the introduction of western science and culture,the traditional family norm and gender structure had been changing gradually. Those traditional women walked out of the house and broke the confinement of family. This pater summarizes the three ways in which women got out of the family,and came to the conclusion that it＇s easier for women to walk out of the house than to get free from the family- centered role,easier to break away from men than to be self- reliant,and easier to expand social domain than to balance their public and private responsibilities.