侵入性产前诊断对孕妇焦虑抑郁心理情况的影响

Assessment of maternal anxiety and depression levels before and after invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures

目的 探讨侵入性产前诊断对孕妇焦虑、抑郁心理的影响. 方法 选择2014年6月-2014年10月在本院产前诊断和胎儿医学科行侵入性产前诊断的孕妇共170例行问卷调查,调查表包括一般资料、侵入性产前诊断认知问卷、医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）3部分.在行侵入性产前诊断术前及术后均使用医院焦虑抑郁量表进行评分. 结果 年龄＜35岁孕妇焦虑及抑郁评分分别是（6.4±3.2）和（6.9±3.1）,显著高于年龄≥35岁的孕妇;文化程度低（高中及以下）孕妇焦虑及抑郁评分分别是（6.8±3.4）和（7.4±2.9）,显著高于文化程度高（专科及以上）孕妇;侵入性产前诊断术前孕妇焦虑评分是（6.1±3.2）,显著高于术后孕妇的焦虑评分（5.2±2.7）.认知评分与焦虑评分相关（r=-0.3）. 结论 侵入性产前诊断使部分孕妇产生焦虑、抑郁情绪.焦虑抑郁程度与孕妇的年龄、文化程度及对侵入性产前诊断的认知程度相关.

Objective To assess anxiety and depression levels in women before and after undergoing invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures. Methods A prospective study was carried out from June 2014 to October 2014 at the Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Questionnaires were administered to women scheduled for invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures （n = 170 ）. The questionnaires included three parts： general information, cognitive questionnaire about invasive procedures, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale （HAD）. The HAD scale was completed before and immediately after the invasive procedure. Results The score of anxiety and depression in younger women （ 〈 35 years of age） was （6.4 ± 3.2 ） and （6.9 ± 3.1 ）, respectively, both of which were significantly higher than older women （ 〉 35 year of age）. The score of anxiety and depression in those with a low educational level （ high school or below） was （6. 8 ± 3.4） and （7.4± 2. 9 ） , respectively, both of which were significantly higher than women with a higher educational level （college degree or above）. The score of anxiety before invasive procedure was （6. 1 ± 3.2） , significantly higher than the score immediately after the procedure （5.2 ± 2. 7 ）. Cognitive scores were negatively correlated with anxiety score （ correlation coefficient： - 0.3 ）. Conclusion The invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures would confer some women with anxiety and depression. The degree of anxiety and depression was associated with are. educational level, and coanitive degree.