论平均值公理在量子力学中的地位及其对教学的启示

DISCUSSION ON THE STATUS OF EXPECTATION VALUE AXIOM IN QUANTUM MECHANICS AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT FOR TEACHING

文章对平均值公理在量子力学中的作用、地位及其对量子力学教学的启示进行了详细的分析和讨论,表明只需将普通的平均值公式加以推广,便可自然地得到量子力学中的平均值公理.平均值公理在量子力学中处于基础地位,从平均值公理出发,用严格的数学理论可进一步推导出量子力学的其他基本特性.在量子力学教学过程中,从平均值公理出发,量子力学理论的逻辑和概念会更清晰,特别是对于初学者而言,这样更便于他们接受和理解量子力学理论.

In this paper,the effects and status of expectation value axiom（EVA）in quantum mechanics are analyzed and discussed,and its enlightenment for teaching is also analyzed.It is indicated that the EVA can be obtained naturally by extending the ordinary expectation value formula.The EVA is the fundamental quantity in quantum mechanics.According to strict mathematics theory,other basic features of quantum mechanics can be derived directly from the EVA.When the teaching of quantum mechanics starts from the EVA,the logic and concepts of quantum mechanics become more distinct.So the theory of quantum mechanics can be accepted and understood more easily,especially for beginners in quantum mechanics.