不同生物质炭对烤烟青枯病发病情况及烟叶生长的影响

Effects of Different Biochar on the Incidence of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt and Flue-cured Tobacco Growth

2014年通过田间小区试验,比较了不同生物质炭对烤烟青枯病、烟叶产量和质量的影响。结果表明,在烟叶生长前期雨水偏多的湖北宣恩地区,在"三先"时施入15 000 kg/hm^2烟秆生物质炭或稻壳生物质炭都可以促进烟叶前期的生长,对青枯病都有一定的防治效果,移栽后63 d的防治效果分别为49.93%和60.03%;进入成熟期稻壳生物质炭的防治效果为31.92%,而烟秆生物质炭的发病率比对照提高了18.18%。施用烟秆生物质炭的烤烟产量下降了4.48%,产值下降了8.83%,中上等烟比例增加了20.66个百分点;施用稻壳生物质炭的烤烟产量下降了29.21%,产值下降了26.78%,中上等烟比例增加了8.16个百分点。因此,每公顷施用15 000 kg稻壳生物质炭对烤烟青枯病有明显的防治效果,但降低了烟叶产量;而施用烟秆生物质炭会加重青枯病发病情况,对烟叶的经济性状影响较小。

Field experiment was carried out to compare effects of applying different biochar on tobacco growth, yield, configuration and bacterial wilt in Xuan＇en, Hubei in 2014. Results showed that applying biochar could promote tobacco growth and suppress bacterial wilt during resetting and fast-growing stage. The control efficacy was 49.93% and 60.03% in treatment1 and treatment 2 at 63 days after transplanting, the control efficacy in treatment 2 decreased to 31.92% and the incidence rate in treatment 1 was higher than the control by 18.18% at 90 days after transplanting. The yield and economic value in treatment 2 was decreased by 4.48% and 8.83%, and the rate of high middle class leaf increased by 20.66 percentage points. The yield and economic value in treatment 1 was decreased by 29.21% and 26.78%, and the rate of high middle class leaf was increased by 8.16 percentage points. Applying 15 000 kg / hm^2 rice husk-biochar could suppress bacterial wilt and decrease tobacco yield. Applying tobacco stem-biochar had no significant effect on economic benefits and increased the incidence rate.