废旧木家具回收性能评估体系的构建与分析

An investigation of dissolution mechanism of major components in cell walls of agricultural and forest biomass

近年来随着我国房地产装修和家具产业的快速发展,家具更新换代日渐成为趋势,废旧家具量日益增长,废旧家具回收利用也备受关注。笔者基于层次分析法（AHP法）和模糊数学原理对废旧木家具回收性能评估体系进行了研究,确定了废旧木家具回收性能评价一级指标为质量属性、外貌属性、数量属性和类别属性,其中质量属性包括完整度、材料性、使用年限、拆解性、变形度等二级指标;外貌属性包括样式、表面涂装、辅料等二级指标;数量属性包括成套性、件数等二级指标;类别属性包括类别性等二级指标。构建了废旧木家具回收性能评价体系的递阶层次结构模型,通过对废旧木家具回收性能的问卷调查以及评价指标权重的层次分析和信度分析,为废旧木家具回收性能评定提供了科学有效的评价标准和参考方法。

High-value utilization of agricultural and forest biomass has become an important strategy in many countries. Although the technologies for the biomass utilization have achieved a significant progress, the overall cost of biomass con- version is still high. The major barrier to large-scale conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels, bio-based chemi- cals and materials originates from the recalcitrance of plant cell walls. Plant cell walls are typically composed of complex macromolecular compounds consisting of an ordered array of cellulose microfibrils embedded in a matrix of noneellulosic polysaccharides and lignin. Generally, the plant cell wall can be divided into three major layers ： middle lamella, primary cell wall, and secondary cell wall. The investigation of plant cell walls is complicated due to the heterogeneous and com- plex hierarchical structure, as well as the variable chemical composition between different sublayers. The structural com- plexity and variable chemical composition between different sub-layers form the lignocelluloses recalcitrance together. Given that one of the critical processing steps in biomass conversion involves systematic deconstruction of cell walls, a comprehensive investigation of the architecture of the plant cell wall will not only help us to understand the assembly and biosynthesis of the plant cell wall, but also contribute to improving the efficiency of biomass dissolution. During the bio- mass conversion, pretreatment is an essential step for altering the morphological and compositional characteristics of bio- mass to enhance the sugar release in the enzymatic hydrolysis. In this paper, the uhrastrueture and topochemistry of plant cell walls which contribute most to the recalcitrance were observed. Mechanisms of acid, alkali and hot water pretreat- ments to break this obstacle were compared, providing new ideas and new theory for industrial-scale production of biofu- els and biomaterials.