职业资质权的实践发现与理论建构--兼谈新兴权利的发现与生成

The Practical Development and Theoretical Construction of the Professional Qualification Right:In light of the Discovery and Generation of Emerging Rights

实践中法官以姓名权解决窃取他人职业资质类案件,这一做法存在法律适用上的局限。侵权人窃取受害人职业资质证书后以"自己名义"牟利的行为,并不符合"盗用"他人的姓名侵权方式,受害人所请求保护的职业资质利益也不属于姓名利益。这种利益的本质,是自然人凭借其具体行为能力在参与社会分工活动中所获得的社会资源分配利益,而自然人具体行为能力的外部标表形式是职业资质证书。将此种利益上升为职业资质权,能够更有效地解决当前司法实践中的问题。

In practice,the judges apply the article of the name right to solve the cases of professional qualification embezzlement,but this judicial protection has some legal limitations.Because in this case,infringers actually do not embezzle the professional qualification of the infringed,and the interest of the professional qualification does not belong to the interest of name right neither.The nature of this interest is the benefits of social resources distribution,which belongs to the natural persons when they take part in the social labor divisions,and the label of this interest,professional qualification certification＂,actually reflects a natural person‘s realistic disposing capacity.Therefore,both the natures of professional qualification interest and its certification are in correspondence with civil law,which is the foundation to make this interest evolve to the professional qualification right and thereby solving the current judicial practice problems in similar cases.