新兴权利立法保护“启示录”:激进败笔抑或创新之举——以美国半导体芯片特殊立法保护为例

Implications of Legislative Protection:An Aggressive Failure or An Innovation?——A Case Study of American Sui Generis Legislation of Semiconductor Chips

1984年美国颁布了《半导体芯片保护法案》,这是在过去100年时间里美国采用特殊立法模式通过的两个法案之一。美国参、众两院曾就芯片这一新兴客体的保护模式展开过激烈争论,但随后,美国就积极推动半导体芯片的国际保护,集成电路布图设计的独立地位及特殊立法保护模式因此而获得国际社会认可。面对信息时代不断涌现的新兴客体,我国需要在立法考量因素及模式选择、法律的工具性、立法对新兴权利的应对之道等方面做出重构与反思,从美国立法应对新兴客体与新兴权利的积极姿态和推进路径中获得启示。

America enactedSemiconductor Chip Protection Act＂in 1984,which was one of the only two sui generis acts over the past 100 years.At that time,there was a fierce debate between House of Representatives and Senate on which type of legislation is suitable to semiconductor chips.After the SCPA,America actively promoted legislation of semiconductor chips all over the world,which made dramatic contribution to legislative recognition of layout designs of integrated circuits and its sui generis legislation.Confronted with new objects generated in information era,China has to consider the nature,type and resolution to the legislation of new rights.In the meanwhile,we may get some inspirations from the American legislation and practices.