诗界革命视野中的《清议报》诗歌

A Study of the Poems in Qing Yi Newspaper from the Perspective of Poetic Revolution

以1900年2月梁启超揭橥诗界革命旗帜的《汗漫录》发表为界,前后期《清议报》诗歌发生了显著变化。前期以康有为、谭嗣同为压阵大将,后期以梁启超、蒋智由、毋暇、邱炜萲、丘逢甲、高旭等为骨干力量。《清议报》诗歌在题材题旨上体现出强烈的现实批判精神、炽烈的救亡启蒙情怀、深挚的忧国忧民情结和夺目的革新图强思想光芒,大量诗篇宣扬了平权、共主、独立、自由、民权、女权等近代启蒙观念,乃至倡导破坏、暗杀、扑满、反帝等民族革命思想主张。形式方面,既重视篇幅较长、容量更大、诗体更为解放、语言通俗易懂的歌行体和歌诗,又注意保留"古风格",使其不失为"诗人之诗"。较诸戊戌前的"新学诗"试验,《清议报》诗歌虽大量使用"新名词",但已无晦涩难懂之病;此前"新学诗"中大量出现的宗教性"新名词",逐渐为反映西洋近代政教文明和科技文明的"新名词"所取代。

The poems on Qing Yi Newspaper significantly changed after Han Man Lu,which was written by Liang Qichao and seen as a symbol of the beginning of poetic revolution that was published in February 1900 on Qing Yi Newspaper.With Kang Youwei and Tan Sitong being the pioneers in the early years,Liang Qichao,Jiang Zhiyou,Wu Xia,Qiu Weixuan,Qiu Fengjia and Gao Xu became the hard core members in the late stage.The poems published in Qing Yi Newspaper reflected a high spirit of critical realism,passionate feelings of national salvation and enlightenment,a deep concern for the fate of the country and great thoughts of innovations.With breaking the political position of the reformers in a certain degree,a large number of poems advocating the modern enlightenment ideas such as equality,communism,independence,freedom,civil rights and women＇s rights.Regarding the poetic forms,longer songs and lyrics with rich contents,diverse poetic styles and easy-to-understand words were highly valued,while poems in theancient style＂were also retained,so they could be regarded as thepoems of the poets＂.Compared with the previousnew poetry＂test in 1898,though poems after 1900 used a large number ofnew words＂,they were not obscure and recondite for readers.Thenew words＂ which reflected modern Western civilization in politics,science and technology had gradually replaced the religiousnew words＂in thenew poetry＂.