新中国戏改黄金期的独特成就——以河南省首届戏曲观摩演出大会的考察为中心

Unique Achievements of the Opera Reform in the Short Golden Period after the Founding of the People's Republic of China:Centered on the Investigation of Henan's First Traditional Chinese Opera Festival

戏改黄金期对新中国戏曲发展意义非凡,亟待深入研究。作为戏改成功典型的河南戏曲成果丰硕,其间,河南省首届戏曲观摩演出大会担当了重任,成为河南戏曲发展承前启后的关键性活动,奠定了牢固的观念、体制基础。观摩演出大会围绕戏曲遗产挖掘整理与继承创新等戏曲发展新政之落实,取得了突出的成绩:一、对戏改成果做出检省,由田汉、马可等省内外专家与省内各戏种、行当戏曲家共同审查、讨论及会诊,从寻找新旧辩证关系出发,解决戏改剧目问题,整理改编既尊重传统,又更重推陈出新;现代戏成为核心问题;唱腔、表演等继承创新,经验的规律性总结,常香玉、阎立品成为翘楚。二、会演是戏改理论探索深化的新起点。以挖掘继承、推陈出新为目标,站在总结中国戏曲理论体系、西方理论中国化的高度,总结成果,提出新命题,规划戏曲方向。围绕《刘胡兰》之争,探索地方戏曲表现现代生活之路,马可、冯纪汉等高屋建瓴,确定尊重传统戏曲规律、保持地方剧种特色、紧密结合传统、有重点地创造的原则,奠定河南现代戏崛起的理论基础。三、会演是河南戏曲界走向一体化体制的重要开端。会演完成了调查资源、统一思想、建立共识以及整合力量、成立中国戏剧家协会河南分会等任务,推动了戏曲界一体化格局的形式,使其纳入国家文艺体制。

The golden period of the reformation of the traditional opera is very important to the development of new Chinese opera,which needs further study urgently.Henan opera is fruitful as a typical success.Henans first traditional Chinese opera festival plays an important role,and it has become the key activities for the further development of Henan opera,which also lays a solid,systematic foundation.The festival is centred on mining,sorting opera heritage and the implementation of the new deal about the innovation of the opera development.First,it made an inspection about the opera reform achievements,and the inspection was examined,discussed by Tian Han,Ma Ke and other experts.They started from seeking the old and new dialectical relations,solving the problem of the opera repertoire,sorting adaptation and respecting tradition,paying more attention to innovation.Modern opera had become the core issue.Aria,acting inherited innovation and the experience was summarized in which Chang Xiangyu and Yan Lipin became leaders.Second,the festival is the new starting point of the theoretical exploration of the opera reform.It is at the height of the summary of the theoretical system of Chinese opera and the western theory of China,summarizing results,putting forward a new proposition,planning opera direction with the goal of mining inheritance and innovation.Ma Ke,Feng Jihan and other people were very farsighted because they explored local opera performance of modern life around Liu Hulan.They determined to respect the law of traditional opera,sustain the characteristics of local operas,and closely combine the tradition with consideration of important trends.This laid theoretical basis for the rise of Henan modern opera.Third,the festival was an important beginning of Henan opera integration.It finished investigating resources,unifying thinking,building consensus,integrating strength,and setting up Henan branch of the Chinese Dramatists Association and other tasks.This promoted the integration pattern of opera and brought it into the national cultural system.