明清文本中的海洋文化与近代知识者的现代意识建构

Oceanic Culture in Texts of the Ming & Qing Dynasties and the Modernity Consciousness of the Contemporary Intellectuals

中国早期采取"以陆观海"的"陆权思维",海洋文化主要是生产方式的附庸,渔民和商人是海洋文化的主要缔造者,自然主义是"天朝上邦"时期"海文化"的主要特色。近代以降,西方凭坚船利炮自洋面而来,中国被动地进入了"以海为门"的时代,"以海观海"的"海权思维"逐渐兴起。外洋文明击碎了华夏的夜郎美梦,一些知识分子有意识地参与到落后王朝的"洋文化"缔造中,为之涂抹了浓重的人文主义色彩。知识者借助不同形式的文本,使中国第一波现代化的涟漪也随"洋文化"荡漾开来。

Ancient China adopted the viewpoints of＂observing oceans from the land＂and＂land power is the top priority＂.As a result,oceanic culture was largely a byproduct of the lifestyles of fishermen and merchants at that time,characterized by naturalism.During the contemporary period,however,the Western warships constantly launched invasions from the ocean.China was forced to enter the era of＂oceans as front doors＂,ushering a wave of new ideas like＂sea power＂and＂observing oceans from the ocean itself＂.The traditional dreams of Chinese people were ruthlessly shattered by the modern western cultures.Contemporary intellectuals began to devote themselves to the construction of＂oceanic culture＂in order to save＂the lagging-behind dynasty＂,adding a thick humanistic color to its content.By ways of various texts,the first wave of modernity consciousness started to bud.