柯亨对诺奇克自我所有理论的道德批判

Analysis on Cohen's Criticism of Nozick's Self-ownership Theory

诺奇克的理论始点是个体权利的自由,呈现出强烈的自由至上主义特征,成为为资本主义制度正当性辩护的武器。在对诺奇克自我所有的批判中,柯亨以自我所有的合理性为假定前提,从逻辑上进行了三层归谬解构。通过对自我所有的不平等起点的追问,推导出自我所有的不正义;借助世界共有设想验证了自我所有的不平等;在对"否定自我所有"即为赞同奴隶制、限制个人自主权、将人视为纯粹的手段的观点的反驳中,揭露自我所有为资本主义辩护的本质。

Nozick's theoretical stance is the liberty of self-ownership with a salient feature of libertarianism. There are three logical deconstruction layers in Cohen's moral critique on Nozick's self-ownership theory. Firstly, he assumes that self-ownership is injustice by the understanding of the starting point of its equality. Secondly, he verifies the inequality of self-ownership by hypothesizing reasoning based on owned-by-all ownership worldwide, he verifies the inequality of self-ownership. Finally, upon the three objections that disagreement of self-ownership leads to the agreement on slavery, restriction of individual's autonomy,and taking people as means rather than ends, Cohen reveals his reconfirmation that self-ownership is for the sake of supporting capitalism.