基于草炭和蛭石的混配基质对苦瓜幼苗生长的影响

Effects of mixed peat and vermiculite substrates on growth balsam pear(Momordica charantia L.) seedlings of

【目的】为了筛选出基于草炭和蛭石的苦瓜育苗专用基质配方。【方法】以草炭和蛭石为育苗基质材料,按不同体积比进行混配,研究混配育苗基质的物理性状及其对苦瓜幼苗生长的影响。【结果】随着草炭所占比例的增加,容重逐渐增大,总孔隙度、通气孔隙和持水孔隙逐渐减小,处理T2的物理性状与对照CK最为接近;处理T2的形态指标方面在各个处理最高,与对照CK相比,株高、茎粗、地上干重和根干重分别增加了18.6%、9.0%、33.7%和19.5%;处理T2提高了苦瓜的叶绿素含量,且与对照CK相比,显著提高了苦瓜的光合速率40.6%;处理T2和T3显著提高了苦瓜幼苗的根系活力。【结论】处理T2(即草炭与蛭石体积比为3∶2的混配基质)与对照CK物理性状较为接近,且显著地促进了苦瓜幼苗的生长。

[Objective] The special seedling substrates formula of balsam pear was selected and the main components of mixed substrates were peat and vermiculite. [Methods] The peat and vermiculite by different volume ratio were mixed. The physical properties of mixed substrates and the growth of balsam pear seedlings were analyzed. [Results] With the proportion of peat increasing, the bulk density of mixed substrates was increased, but the total porosity, aeration porosity and water-holding po- rosity of mixed substrates were decreased. The main physical properties of treatment T2 and CK were similar. The morphologi- cal characteristics of treatment T2 were best in each treatment. The plant height, stem diameter, dry weight and root dry weight of treatment T2 compared with CK were increased by 18.6%, 9.0%, 33.7% and 19.5% ; the chlorophyll content of treatment T2 was increased, the photosynthetic rate of treatment T2 compared with CK was significantly improve 40.6% the root activity of treatments T2 and T3 were significantly increased. [Conclusion] The physical properties of treatment T2 （the volume ratio of peat and vermiculite was 3 ： 2） was similar to CK and the balsam pear seedling growth of treatment T2 were significantly promoted.