城市地下大空间防灾中的几个重点问题

Key Index of the Disaster Prevention of Large Underground Space

随着城市浅层地下空间使用日趋饱和,深层地下空间成为了新的发展方向,而开发技术和工艺的进步,也使建设深层和大型地下空间具备了可行性。大型地下空间可能发生的灾害类型与普通地下空间大致相同,但因其"深、大"的特点,灾害特性有很大不同,造成的后果也更为严重,需要根据地下大空间的特点针对性地进行防灾设计和管理。该文对地下大空间运营阶段的防火、防洪、防震及人防等问题,初步建立了一个综合评估的体系。为了提高评估的效率,在各评估分项中挑选了几个关键问题作为控制项指标,作为对地下大空间进行综合防灾评估的前提条件,并对这些控制性指标进行分析和讨论。

With the exhaustion and saturation of the shallow underground space,the development of urban area is more and more relying on the excavation of deep underground space. Nowadays,the advanced technology of high strength concrete,excavation method in soft soil and ground deformation control make it possible to build underground space with a larger scale,span length and depth. The common disasters and hazards that large urban underground space faces are the same as that of ordinary underground space,but considering the damage and the rescue difficulties,more attention should be paid to the influence of disasters on large underground space. The study and research on the evaluation of the disaster prevention system of underground space still have not raised enough attention yet. The comprehensive assessment of the disaster prevention system is set up based on the study of the characteristics of large underground space itself and disaster effects. Several key indexes selected from the prevention rules of fire,flood,and earthquake are discussed.