美国政府风险沟通实践及其启示分析

Risk Communication Practical Experience of U.S.A Government and Its Enlightenment for China

针对美国政府体系与中国地方政府的风险沟通实践进行分析,对于美国政府体系风险沟通实践的研究主要从联邦(FEMA)、州(DEMA)、地方政府三个层次入手,重点分析事件通知系统、日常培训活动等项目;对于中国地方政府风险沟通实践,主要从风险沟通形式、风险沟通渠道等方面进行分析,并从政府体制、社会文化、公民素质三个方面进行中美两国社会环境差异分析。分析表明:风险情境类型方面,应针对需求紧迫的灾种与需求一般的灾种制定梯次宣教培训规划;信息获取渠道方面,应深入研究灾害风险信息流动规律,制定切合实际的宣教培训方案;培训方式方面,应将示范带动效应与整体推动相结合,提升社区、学校等基层场所的应急响应能力;风险沟通内容方面,应推进宣教培训内容体系标准化建设,切实提高宣教培训的效果。

An analysis of risk communication experience of U. S. A government system and Chinese local government was implemented. The analysis of U. S. A government system was implemented from the three levels： federal government, state system, and local government, which focused on National Incident Management System and the project of Community Emergency Response Team; while the analysis on Chinese local government was implemented from aspects of form and channel. The discussions were done from three aspects： structure of government system, social culture, and public educational level. Conclusions ： in terms of risk context, ladder-like training plan should be established in accordance with urgent requirement and general requirement ; in terms of information channel, flow rule of disaster information should be discovered in order to formulate reasonable training plan; in terms of training form, demonstration effects should be emphasized in order to improve community emergency response capacity ; in terms of communication contents, standardized training system should be built in order to improve the effectiveness of training.