哈萨克斯坦中国新移民探析

The Issue of Chinese New Migrants in Kazakhstan

1991年12月,哈萨克斯坦独立。此后迁往该国的中国大陆公民,主要包括商业移民、劳动力和技术移民、哈萨克族"返回"祖国移民以及非正常移民四种基本类型。哈萨克斯坦中国新移民的迁移受政治、经济、地理、政策四个因素的影响。当地居民对中国移民担忧情绪的滋长以及新移民融入主流社会的程度较低等问题,制约了哈萨克斯坦中国新移民在当地的发展。在"丝绸之路经济带"背景下,短期内中国新移民赴哈人数会呈现加速增长的趋势,但从长远来看,哈萨克斯坦中国新移民的前景充满变数与挑战。

After Kazakhstan's independence in December 1991, Chinese citizens who immigrate to Kazakhstan refer to four basic kinds including business migration, labor and technology migration, the Kazakhs who 'back to the motherland', and the abnormal migration. The moving of Chinese new immigrants to Kazakhstan is influenced by political, economic, geographical, and policy. The development of Chinese new migrants in Kazakhstan is restricted by the growing worries of local residents to Chinese migrants and the lower level of new migrants integrating into mainstream society. In the background of 'Silk Road Economic Belt',the number of Chinese new migrants in Kazakhstan will increase rapidly in a short time. But in the long term, the development of Chinese new migrants in Kazakhstan is full of changes and challenges.