室内水淹和田间模拟湿害对甘蓝型油菜耐湿性鉴定

Genetic Difference of Waterlogging Tolerance in Brassica napus L. after Submerging Seeds in Room and Plants in Field

对15份油菜资源材料分别进行室内发芽和田间模拟湿害鉴定,以研究湿害胁迫对产量的影响及耐湿性不同鉴定方法之间的一致性。结果表明,15份油菜资源耐湿性具有较大的遗传差异。室内缺氧发芽鉴定下,15份材料表现为活力指数、成苗率、相对苗长、相对根长和相对鲜重等耐湿性指标有较大差异;田间模拟湿害胁迫后,油菜生长受到严重抑制,主要表现为根鲜重、根长、地上部鲜重、株高、全株鲜重、地上部干重、根干重、根冠比下降。同时,油菜生理指标可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性都升高;田间湿害后15份材料株高、有效分枝数、有效角果数、每果粒数和单株产量极显著降低,其中有效角果数下降为对照的31.81%~78.02%,多数材料千粒重提高,材料间耐湿性表现出较大的差异,耐湿性强的材料产量性状降低的程度显著低于其他材料。尽管15个材料田间模拟湿害后都出现了不同程度的生理、生化以及产量性状上的变化,且这些变化在不同材料间差异很大,但是数据间的相关性分析表明,室内耐湿指标、田间耐湿数据的隶属函数值综合指标,与产量性状各指数具有显著或极显著的相关关系,说明甘蓝型油菜不同耐湿性鉴定方法鉴定结果是一致的。鉴定方法的一致性,使得在实验室条件下,鉴别、筛选和预测甘蓝型油菜品种的耐湿性成为可能,为加快耐湿品种的选育过程提供了理论依据和操作方法。

Different waterlogging tolerances between 15 rapeseed（ Brassica napus L.） materials were investigated after seed germinating and field waterlogging,in order to research the consistency of different methods,as well as the effects of waterlogging on yields. The results showed significant variation between the 15 materials. Anoxic germination under room condition resulted in great differences in kinds of waterlogging-tolerant indexes,such as vigor index,survival rate,relative seedling length,relative root length and fresh weight; Plant growths were repressed seriously under waterlogging stress： Root fresh weight,root length,aerial parts fresh weight,plant height,plant fresh weight,aerial parts dry weight,root dry weight and root / shoot ratio were decreased by various degrees. Meanwhile,physiological indicators like contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein,malondialdehyde（ MDA） and proline,as well as activity of superoxidase（ SOD） increased; On the other hand,plant height,number of effective branches,number of pods per plant,number of seeds per pod,yield per plant decreased significantly. Especially,the number of effective branches decreased by 31. 81 %- 78. 02 % compared with control. 1000-seedweights were increased in some materials. Waterlogging tolerance capabilities varied between materials,but generally,waterlogging tolerant plants showed less genotype reduction. Correlation analysis showed that waterloggingtolerant-indexes of germinating seed were significantly correlative to indexes of physiological and morphological data in waterlogging-stressed plants. It demonstrated that the two methods of determining waterlogging tolerance in Brassica napus L. came to the same conclusion.