贵州地方种茶树根系丛枝菌根真菌的侵染特征

Colonization Characteristics of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi in Rhizosphere of Local Tea Trees in Guizhou

为丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）在地方种茶树上的应用提供理论依据,采用染色镜检的方法,对贵州4个典型地方种茶树（湄潭苔茶、石阡苔茶、贵定鸟王和都匀毛尖）根系AMF的定殖和共生状况及与土壤养分的相关性进行研究。结果表明：贵州4个地方种茶树均有AMF定殖和侵染,能形成典型的根外菌丝、根内菌丝、菌丝圈、泡囊和疆南星型丛枝等AMF侵染结构;AMF的定殖率和侵染率分别为7.3%~86.7%和0.8%~32.73%,均值为36.6%和7.01%;不同茶树品种间AMF的侵染状况差异较大,同一品种不同样地AMF的侵染状况也存在较大差异。贵州4个地方种茶树根系AMF的定殖率和侵染率与土壤因子显著相关,其中,AMF的定殖率与土壤水解氮和有机质的含量分别呈显著和极显著正相关,与速效钾含量呈显著负相关;AMF的侵染率与土壤有机质含量呈极显著正相关,与速效钾含量呈显著负相关。不同土壤因子对AMF侵染的影响不同,其定殖率依次为速效氮〉有机质〉速效钾,侵染率依次为有机质〉速效钾。贵州4个地方种茶树根际均存在AMF定殖,且都能与AMF形成良好的共生关系。

The colonization and symbiosis of rhizosphere AMF of 4 typical local tea trees（ Camellia sinensis cv. Meitan Taicha,C. sinensis cv.Shiqiantaicha,C. sinensis cv. Guidingniaowang,C. sinensis cv. Duyunmaojian） were studied by the dyeing microscopic examination method and the correlations between AMF colonization and infection rate and soil nutrients were analyzed to provide the theoretical basis for application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi（ AMF） in Guizhou local tea varieties. Results： AMF colonization and infection occur in four local tea trees and their root systems can form typical AMF infection structures of external hyphae,internal hyphae,coiled hyphae,vesicles and Arum-type arbuscular mycorrhiza. The AMF colonization and infection rate of four local tea trees is 7. 3 %- 86. 7 % and 0. 8 %- 32. 73 %and the mean vale is 36. 6 % and 7. 01 % respectively. There are obvious differences in AMF infection status among four different tea trees and among different sampling areas in the same tea tree. The rhizosphere AMF colonization rate and infection rate of four local tea trees are related to soil factors significantly. The AMF colonization rate has the significant and very significantly positive correlation with available nitrogen and organic matter content in soil separately and the significantly negative correlation with rapidly available potassium content in soil.The AMF infection rate is positively related to organic matter content in soil very significantly and negatively related to rapidly available potassium content in soil significantly. Different soil factors have the different effect on AMF infection status. The AMF colonization rate influenced by soil factors is available nitrogen organic matter rapidly available potassium and the AMF infection rate influenced by soil factors is organic matter rapidly available potassium. In conclusion,the rhizosphere of four local tea trees all can be colonized by AMF and there is a good symbiotic relationship between AMF and the rhizosphere of four local tea trees.