山西灵丘县草地鼠类群落划分及多样性研究

Studyon communityclassification and diversityof grassland rodents in Linqiu Countyof Shanxi Province

试验选择灵丘县上寨镇和柳科乡具有代表性暖性灌丛类草地,山地灌丛类草地,山地草原类和山地草甸类草地为样地,在4个样地同时捕鼠,调查草地鼠类群落。研究结果表明:山西省灵丘县4类草地鼠类区系包括5科、12属、13种,其中,仓鼠科捕获量占总捕获数的59.80%,是绝对优势类群,中华鼢鼠和长尾仓鼠是当地草地的优势种和主要害鼠。采用模糊聚类方法将当地草原鼠类划分为长爪沙鼠+达乌尔黄鼠+长尾仓鼠群落,长尾仓鼠+大林姬鼠群落,中华鼢鼠+达乌尔鼠兔+根田鼠群落,达乌尔黄鼠兔+小家鼠群落。4个草地鼠类群落种的丰富度排序是:群落Ⅱ>群落Ⅰ>群落Ⅳ>群落Ⅲ;种的多样性和均匀度排序是:群落Ⅱ>群落Ⅰ>群落Ⅲ>群落Ⅳ;群落Ⅱ和群落Ⅰ物种多样性指数依次为0.962 7和0.803 9,表明2个群落的结构和功能具有较高的稳定性,群落Ⅲ和群落Ⅳ种的多样性和丰富度指数较低,但种群数量很高,具有较大的潜在和现实危害性。

The rodents＇ community in 4types of grassland（warm shrubby tussock,montane shrubby,montane steppe and montane meadow）in Linqiu County of Shanxi Province was investigated.The results showed that the rodent fauna involved 13 species in 12 genuses of 5families.The dominant rodent community was Cricetidae,which the captured Cricetidae accounted for 59.8% of the total.Myospalax fontanieri and Cricetulus longicandatus were the dominant species and the main pest.The rodents could be divided into 4communities by using the fuzzy clustering method,including Meriones unguiculatus＋Spermophilus dauricus＋Cricetulus longicandatus community,Cricetulus longicandatus＋Apodemus peninsulae community,Myospalax fontanieri＋Ochotona dauurica＋Microtus oeconomus community,Ochotona dauurica＋Mus musculus community.The order in terms of species richness of 4rodent communities was communityⅡcommunityⅠcommunityⅣcommunity Ⅲ.The order of species richness and evenness was community Ⅱ community Ⅰ community Ⅲ community Ⅳ.The species-diversity index of communityⅡand communityⅠ was 0.962 7and 0.803 9,respectively,which indicated that the two communities had high stability.However,the species-diversity and richness index of community Ⅳ and community Ⅲ were low,the population of two communities was high,which means higher potential threatening the grassland.