膝关节置换术后肺栓塞发生的相关危险因素研究

The related risk factors for incidence of pulmonary embolism after knee arthroplasty

目的探讨膝关节置换术后并发肺栓塞的临床表现及相关危险因素干预对患者的影响。方法选取45例膝关节置换术后肺栓塞患者为研究对象,将患者分成联合治疗组和非联合治疗组,比较其在术后功能方面的差异性。结果膝关节置换术后并发肺栓塞的临床症状以呼吸困难、胸闷胸痛为主,体征以哮鸣音和湿性啰音为主;BMI、术后制动、抗凝药物应用、骨水泥、创伤、静脉血栓形成是膝关节置换术后并发肺栓塞的高危险因素(P<0.05);经过康复锻炼等干预措施后,联合治疗组在疼痛、功能、僵硬和生存质量上和非联合治疗组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论膝关节置换术后并发肺栓塞受多种危险因素影响,干预后可降低发病风险。

Objective To study the clinical manifestations of pulmonary embolism after knee replacement and effect of related risk factors for patients. Methods A total of 45 patients with pulmonary embolism after knee replacement were selected as research objects,and were divided into combined treatment group and non-combined treatment group,the difference of postoperative function was compared. Results The main clinical symptoms of pulmonary embolism after knee arthroplasty were difficult breathing and chest tightness of chest pain,physical signs were wheezing sound and wet rales.BMI,postoperative braking,anticoagulation drugs application,bone cement,trauma,and venous thrombosis after knee arthroplasty were high risk factors of pulmonary embolism（ P〈0. 05）. After rehabilitation exercise interventions,there were significant difference in pain,function,stiffness and quality of life in combined treatment group compared with non-combined treatment group（ P〈0. 05）.Conclusion Many risk factors can influence pulmonary embolism after knee replacement,and intervention can reduce the risk factors.