晚清军事史上的“地雷”

Landmine in the Military History of the Late Qing Dynasty

晚清七十年,外侮深重,内乱频仍,战争成为重要的课题。地雷在晚清的诸多战事中是常见的角色,却较少有专门著述揭示其发展与应用。通过对史料的发掘可知,传统地雷向西式地雷发展,大体经历了四个阶段:形式确立期(鸦片战争)、传统鼎盛期(第二次鸦片战争与太平天国战争)、传统没落期(中法战争与甲午战争)、西化完成期(甲午战争之后)。根据地雷战例史料的分析,可以更深入地了解晚清战术与武器史,传统地雷的兴衰与变革。究因溯源,可知中国传统军事难以自我挽救,必须进行全面西化的改造,晚清地雷近代化的历程就折射出军事西方化的总体大趋势。

In the last 70 years of Qing Dynasty, there were so many intruders and so many rebels. The wars became an important issue. Mines were used frequently, but there are fewer special writings reveal its development and application. It has experienced four stages： established period （the Opium War）, traditional peak period （the second Opium War and war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom ）, tradi- tional decline period （Sino French war and the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895）, westernized completed （Sino Japanese War period）. According to the analysis of the historical data, we can find out the mine wars may be more in-depth understanding of the late Qing Dy- nasty tactics and weapons history and traditional mine of rise and fall with the change. Study for traceability shows that traditional Chinese military is difficult to save the old Chinese Empire itself ,China must be fully westernized transformation. Course of the modernization of mine in the late Qing Dynasty reflects the overall trend of Chinese westernize military.