广西甘蔗生长中期主要病虫害发生与抗病性评价

Occurrence and evaluation of major diseases and insect pests on main sugarcane varieties in medium-term growth peroid in Guangxi

为明确广西蔗区病虫害的发生及对病害的抗性,2015年在生长中期对8个蔗区11个甘蔗主栽品种的主要病虫害进行调查,并对黑穗病和花叶病的田间抗性进行评价。结果表明：螟害枯心率为0.00%~38.55%,其中桂柳2号宿根蔗和柳城05-136新植蔗在北海发生最严重,枯心率分别达到38.55%和37.66%。黑穗病发生率为0.00%~24.89%,所有调查品种宿根蔗黑穗病发生均较新植蔗严重。ROC22对黑穗病的抗性最差,表现为中感;桂柳2号次之,宿根蔗发病率为7.45%,鉴定为抗病,其余9个品种均为高抗。目前广西蔗区甘蔗花叶病发生较轻,花叶病发生率为0.39%~7.73%。ROC22、桂糖42号和桂柳2号对花叶病表现为中抗,其余8个品种均为抗病。南宁和北海蔗区螟虫发生较为严重,甘蔗生长前期对螟虫抗性的田间评价体系有待建立。ROC22对黑穗病抗性最差,其余品种较好。广西蔗区花叶病发生较轻。黑穗病和花叶病的田间抗性准确评价有待多年多点的观察。

To determe the major diseases and insect pests of sugarcane and the resistance to diseases,the occurrence of major diseases and insect pests on 11 main sugarcane varieties cultivated in 8 producing areas of Guangxi during the medium-term growth peroid in 2015 was investigated,and the resistance to smut and mosaic diseases in the field was evaluated. The results showed that the dead heart rate（DHR） ranged 0.00%-38.55%,new-planting of Guiliu 2 and ratoon of Liucheng 05-136 varieties were most serious in Beihai city,and the DHR were 38.55% and 37.66%,respectively. Smut disease rate ranged 0.00%-24.89%. sugarcane ratoon was more susceptible than new-planting to smut in all investigated varieties. Variety ROC22 was most susceptible to smut and identified as moderate susceptible. Guiliu 2 was the second susceptible and identified as resistance with smut disease rate 7.45%,and the 9 rest varieties had high resistance. Sugarcane mosaic diseases were mildly occurred in Guangxi,the disease rate ranged 0.39%-7.73%,ROC22,GT42 and Guiliu 2 expressed moderate resistance and the rests exhibited resistance. Sugarcane destroyed seriously in Nanning and Beihai more than other producing areas. The evaluation system of variety resistance to sugarcane borers expected to be constructed. ROC22 was most susceptible to smut,compared with other main varieties. Mosaic diseases were minor in Guangxi. Accurate evaluation of the resistances to smut and mosaic should comprehend the expression of multi-location and multi-year.