中国荔枝产业发展现状、趋势与建议

Development situation,trend and suggestions of Chinese litchi industry

我国是世界上荔枝栽培面积最广、产量最大的国家。我国荔枝生产面积相对稳定,但产量存在年际波动;品种资源非常丰富,但品种生产集中度较高,上市期集中,主要以鲜销、内销为主。2015年荔枝产量和市场价格皆低于2014年。总体来看,我国荔枝产业将保持稳定发展势头,产业素质不断提升,同时荔枝品种结构调整将持续进行,社会化服务平台建设将加快,多元模式的电子商务快速发展并将倒逼产业升级,受东盟国家荔枝产品的冲击力度也将会持续加大。但我国荔枝产业仍面临生产组织化程度低,果园管理现代化水平低,市场开拓能力不足,加工业发展滞缓,对产业带动作用不明显等现实问题。为促进我国荔枝产业可持续发展,必须从信息流、商流、物流、资金流和人才队伍培育等多方面推进。

China has the most widely cultivated area and the largest output of litchi in the world. In China,the output of litchi fluctuates annually while the production area is relatively stable;variety resources are very rich,while production concentration of the varieties is higher,they come into market at the same stage;litchi sales mainly in fresh form,and in domestic market. Both the output and price in 2015 were lower than those in 2014. Overall,Chinese litchi industry would maintain a stable development,the industry quality continues to improve,while the structure of litchi varieties would accelerate the pace of restructuring,the construction of social professional service platform construction will accelerate,the multi-modes of e-commerce rapidly develop,and industrial upgrading promotes,the impact of the ASEAN countries would continue to impact. Chinese litchi industry is still faced with problems,including low degree of organization of production,low level of orchard management modernization,insufficient market development ability,slowly development of processing industry. In order to promote the sustainable development of litchi industry in China,it is necessary to do hard works in a number of ways,including information flow,the flow of commerce flow,logistics flow,capital flow and personnel training.