黔南不同撂荒地土壤节肢动物群落特征

Community Characteristics of Soil Arthropod in Different Abandoned Lands in South Guizhou

为了弄清喀斯特地区撂荒地植被变化对土壤节肢动物的影响,采用手捡法和干漏斗法(Tullgren法)对贵州省黔南州不同撂荒地土壤节肢动物进行调查。结果表明:在撂荒地共获得土壤节肢动物465只,隶属4纲12目37科38属,林地撂荒地优势类群为多奥甲螨属(Multioppia),草地撂荒地优势类群为管蓟马科(Phlaeothripidae)和缰板鳃甲螨属(Chamobates)。草地撂荒地土壤节肢动物类群数和个体密度垂直分布表聚性明显,林地撂荒地表聚性不明显。土壤节肢动物类群数、个体密度、Shannon-wiener多样性指数和DG指数均以草地撂荒地高于林地撂荒地,但均无显著空间差异(P>0.05)。在各功能群中,杂食性土壤节肢动物所占比例最高,捕食性最低,但空间上的差异不明显(P>0.05)。在10年恢复时间内,喀斯特撂荒地植被演替方向明显影响土壤节肢动物的群落组成,但对土壤节肢动物多样性影响不明显。

The soil arthropod in different abandoned lands was investigated by hand picking and Tullgren methods to discuss the effect of abandoned lands’ vegetation change on soil arthropod in the karst region of South Guizhou.Results：465soil arthropods（38genera,37 families,12orders and 4classes）were captured in the tested abandoned lands.The dominant species in the abandoned forestland is Multioppia but the dominant species in the abandoned grassland is Phlaeothripidae and Chamobates.The vertical distribution of species and individual density of soil arthropod in the abandoned grassland is of an obvious surface accumulation.The species,individual density,Shannon-wiener diversity index and DG index of soil arthropod in the abandoned grassland are higher than in the abandoned forestland but there are no significant spatial differences（P〉0.05）.The proportion of omnivorous soil arthropod is the highest in different functional groups and the proportion of predatism soil arthropod is the lowest in different functional groups but there is no significant difference.The vegetation succession direction of abandoned lands in karst region influences community composition of soil arthropod obviously but has no obvious effect on diversity of soil arthropod during 10-year restoration period.