池州九华山机场鸟类多样性调查及鸟击防范措施初探

Investigation on Avian Diversity and Bird Strike Avoidance in the Area of Chizhou Jiuhuashan Airport

鸟类多样性调查可以为机场提供基础生态学资料,对鸟击防范工作具有指导意义.2013年6月至2014年6月期间,通过样带法和固定半径样点观察法,在安徽池州九华山机场及周围地区共记录了鸟类130种,隶属于13个目、39个科,其中留鸟50种、夏候鸟41种、冬候鸟29种、旅鸟10种,分别占总数的38.46%、31.54%、22.31%和7.69%.统计分析发现该机场地区的鸟类群落组成具有明显的季节性变化,春、夏季观察到的鸟种数明显高于秋、冬季;6月、7月、8月及11月份为全年鸟类活动频次最高的时段.通过优势度指数分析显示,对九华山机场的飞行安全威胁最大的鸟种有崖沙燕、鹭类(白鹭、牛背鹭、池鹭)、秃鼻乌鸦以及椋鸟类(灰椋鸟、丝光椋鸟).建议通过加强机场生境的综合整治和有效管理来有效地防范机场地区鸟击事件的发生.

The investigation on avian diversity can provide ecological information for airport, because it has a guiding significance for the work of bird strike prevention. From June 2013 to June 2014, 130 species were observed by transect line and counting points in the area of Chizhou Jiuhuashan airport, which belonged to 13 family and 39 orders. There were 50 species （ 38.46% ） of resident birds, 41 species （ 31.54% ） of summer migrants, 29 species （ 22.31% ） of winter migrants and 10 species （7.69%）of passing migrants. It had an obvious seasonal change for avian community composition in the area of this airport. The bird species in spring and summer was obviously higher than that in autumn and winter. June, July, August and November with the highest frequency for birds activities throughout the year. The most dangerous species to fly were Riparia riparia , Egretta garzetta , Ardeola bacchus, Bubulcus ibis, Corvus frugilegus , Sturnus cineraceus and S. sericeus. We suggest that strengthen the comprehensive improvement of the airport habitat and effective man- agement can reduce the bird strike in Jiuhuashan Airport effectively.