我院2012~2015年抗菌药物不良反应分析

Analysis of adverse drug reaction induced by antibiotics from 2012 to 2015 in our hospital

目的分析本院2012~2015年上报的抗菌药物不良反应（ADR）发生的特点及相关因素,为临床用药提供参考。方法选择我院2012年1月~2015年12月上报的190例抗菌药物ADR报告,对抗菌药物品种、给药途径、发生时间、ADR临床表现及患者的年龄、性别等进行回顾性分析。结果 190例抗菌药物ADR报告中,年龄分布以老年人为主;给药途径以静脉滴注为主（94.74%）;发生时间最快为静脉滴注2 min时发生,最慢为连续用药10 d后;药品以喹诺酮类所占比例最高（41.57%）;皮肤及其附件损害最常见（40.53%）。结论患者年龄、静脉注射是不良ADR的主要因素,用药48 h内最易引发ADR,应引起临床用药的注意。

Objective To analyse the characteristics and the rule of ADR induced by antibiotics from 2012 to 2015 in our hospital,and to provide reference for drug use in the clinic.Methods 190 cases of ADR reports in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2015 were selected and analyzed retrospectively in respect of the kinds of antibacterial drugs,administration route,time,clinical manifestations,and patients′age,sex,and so on.Results Among 190 cases of ADR,the elderly were involved in the most of cases;The intravenous drip infusion was the main route（94.74%）;The fastest ADR occurred after 2 minutes of drug intravenously,and the slowest ADR occurred after 10 d medication;The highest proportion was quinolones（41.59%）;The ADRs manifestations mainly covered lesions of skin and its accessories（40.53%）.Conclusion The age and injection administration are the main factors leading to the adverse reactions,drug use 48 h most easily lead to adverse reaction,and great importance should be attached to the clinical medication.