从消费品到维生——生态女性主义自足再适应

From Consumables to Sustenance

本文提出对消费概念予以再思考,从可持续性的角度将其与吸收区别开来,这意味着对于商品以及自然资源的枯竭式消耗进行文化上的再定位。生态女性主义理论以及相关的经济学理论是这个再定位的基础,特别是玛丽亚·米斯、范达娜·席瓦和维朗妮卡·本霍尔德特-汤姆森所界定的生计视角,生计理论后来又被许多女性主义经济学家继续发展为生态自足。作者从再定位的视角对宫部美幸的《火车》与石牟礼道子的《天堂湖》,以及莫言的《天堂蒜薹之歌》与姜戎的《狼图腾》进行了比较阅读。文章最后简短地讨论了通过实践智慧实现多样和谐,以及不能再把消费作为经济活动中心的迫切性。

This article argues for a rethinking of the concept of consumption and to understand it as distinct from ingestion in terms of sustainability, which would require a cultural reorientation toward commodities and the using up of natural resources. The basis for such a reorientation can be found in ecofeminist theory and alternative economics, particularly the subsistence perspective defined by Maria Mies , Vandana Shiva, and Veronika Bennholdt-Thomsen and developed further by various feminist economists as eco-sufficiency. The benefit of this reorientation viewpoint for literary study is then demonstrated through comparative readings of Miyabe Miyuki’s All She Was Worth and Ishimure Michiko’s Lake of Heaven and Mo Yan’s The Garlic Ballads and Jiang Rong’s Wolf Totem. It concludes with a brief discussion of phronesis as an attunement to diversity and the need for replenishment to replace consumption as the focus for economic activities.