一种基于心气论的道德哲学:王夫之的孟子学及其当代意蕴

A Moral Philosophy Based on the Doctrine of Vital Energy and Affective Mindset: Wang Fuzhi's Study of Mencius and Its Contemporary Significance

王夫之在《读四书大全说》中的《孟子说》部分着力于心性问题,抉发孟学精义。同时在此过程中发展出一种高严的道德哲学。以孟子思想为依托,王夫之驳告子,批释老,辨正程朱陆王之失,提出气无不善而情可为恶说,进而突显道心对于成性的意义。王夫之的孟子学蕴含了一种基于心气概念的道德哲学,涉及道德形上学、道德生存论、道德工夫论和道德心理学等多个层次,同时也对以下问题给出了自己独特的回答:人为什么应该是道德的?如何成为道德的人?应该道德的人何以有不道德的行为?

In his examination focusing on the issue of human＇s natural tendency and affective mindset in Discussions after Reading the Great Collection of Commentaries on the Four Books （《读四书大全说》）,Wang Fuzhidevelops from the doctrine of Mencius a moral philosophy based on the doctrine of vital energy （ ＂气＂ ） and affective mindset （ ＂心＂ ）. Base on Mencius, Wang criticizes Gaozi, Buddhism and Laozi on the one hand, and the Cheng Brothers, Zhu Xi, Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Yangming on the other. Wang advocates that vital energy is always good while emotions can be evil, and emphasizes the significance of the affective mindset of Dao to the accomplishment of human＇s natural tendency. Wang＇s ethics embodied in his interpretation of Mencius involves moral metaphysics, moral existentialism, moral cultivation and moral psychology, providing some unique answers to the following questions： Why be moral？ How to be moral？ Why may humans that shall be moral act immoral？