纯粹理性的法律构造——《纯粹理性批判》的法哲学意蕴

The Legal Construction of Pure Reason——The Legal-Philosophical Interpretation of Critique of Pure Reason

批判哲学体系乃是有关"世界"的世界公民哲学,这使得《纯粹理性批判》中关于知识论的阐述具有强烈的法律特质。在康德的论说中,纯粹理性的法律特质展现为裁决法庭的隐喻、原始立法者的理性事实以及先验演绎的法律程序特质。将纯粹理性作为裁决法庭,在心智层面克服了独断语句所可能具有的独断论与专制主义特质。从原始立法者的角度对纯粹理性进行言说,则有助于我们认识到立法者与法的创作者之间的根本差异。纯粹理性自身的先验演绎揭示出程序性乃是批判哲学体系的本质。

The system of critical philosophy is the philosophy of cosmopolite, which is concerning the world. The restatement of epistemology in Critique of Pure Reason has indicated powerful legal characteristics. In Kant＇s discussion, the legal characteristics of pure reason consist of the metaphor of court of arbitration, fact of reason of original lawgiver, and the procedure of transcendental deduction. At the mind level, the court of arbitration, which constituted by pure reason, has overcome the disadvantage of sovereign sentences, dogmatism and absolutism. The expounding of pure reason from the perception of the original lawgiver helps us to realize the fundamental difference between lawgiver and author of law. The transcendental deduction of pure reason reveals that the procedure is the nature of critical philosophy.