论刑事诉讼中辨认的真实性

On the Authenticity of Identification in Criminal Procedure

辨认在我国刑事诉讼中占有重要的地位,往往成为定案的关键,因此错误辨认也是导致错案的重要原因。辨认的真实性受多方面因素的影响。首先,辨认人的记忆不可靠。辨认人对案件事实的感知不完整,且在感知案件事实后会遗忘或重构案件事实。辨认人在辨认过程中作出的判断是相对判断,很容易猜测出辨认结果。其次,辨认的场所封闭,组织人在追诉心理下容易丧失中立性,会对辨认人进行暗示。我国司法人员难以对辨认笔录进行实质审查,审查的过程实际上就是对辨认笔录的确认。我国已经初步确立了部分辨认规则,但现有的辨认规则已经失灵。为了有效避免辨认过程中的暗示和猜测,我国可以引入"双盲"辨认规则和顺序辨认规则,同时对辨认过程进行同步录音录像。

Identification record plays an important part in criminal procedure, which is often the key of cases, and therefore false inentification is an important cause of misjudged cases. The authenticity of identification is affluenced by many facts. First, the memory of the witness is unreliable. A witness can＇ t wholely perceive the case, and he/she will forget or reconstitute the facts after perceiving the case. A witness makes a reletive judgement in the identification, in which the witness is inclined to speculate the result. Second, the site of the identification is closed. The organiser will lose neutrality pushed by the purpose of prosecution, and therefore suggest the witness. Judicial officers in China are unable to substantially examine the records of identifications, and the examination is actually the confirmation of the records. We have preliminarily established some identification rules, which are in the mode of malfunction. To avoid the suggestion and speculation in identification, we can establish ＂double -blind＂ rule and squential rule in identification, and keep synchronous video and audio records.