高、低营养水平饲粮对环江香猪结肠菌群结构及代谢物的影响

Effect of diets with high- or low-level nutrient on colonic microbial community structure and metabolites in Huanjiang mini-pigs

【目的】研究两种饲粮对环江香猪结肠内容物菌群结构及其代谢物的影响。【方法】选用33.5±8.1 kg的环江香猪10头,随机分为两组,每组5头猪,单栏饲养,分别饲喂高营养水平饲粮(粗蛋白质含量为13.11%,消化能为14.73 MJ/kg)和低营养水平饲粮(粗蛋白质含量为9.77%,消化能为12.24 MJ/kg)。饲喂75 d后屠宰,每组选3头猪采集结肠内容物提取细菌总DNA,PCR扩增获得16S r RNA基因V4标签片段,用于Mi Seq高通量测序,基于QIIME平台比较结肠内容物菌群结构多样性;每组取5头猪的结肠内容物,利用气相色谱和液相色谱分析其中短链脂肪酸、氨氮、生物胺、吲哚和粪臭素的含量。【结果】硬壁菌门、拟杆菌门、螺旋体门和软壁菌门细菌为环江香猪结肠内容物中的优势菌门;饲粮组成不影响环江香猪结肠内容物菌群结构的多样性,高营养水平饲粮组结肠内容物中广古细菌含量显著低于、瘤胃球菌属和假丁酸弧菌属细菌含量显著高于低营养水平饲粮组;高营养水平饲粮组环江香猪结肠内容物中乙酸和丙酸含量显著低于、氨氮和尸胺含量显著高于低营养水平饲粮组。【结论】硬壁菌门、拟杆菌门、螺旋体门和软壁菌门细菌为环江香猪结肠内容物中的优势菌门,短期饲喂高营养水平饲粮可改变环江香猪结肠中的部分微生物含量及其代谢特性。

[Objective] We studied the effect of two diets on colonic microbial community structure and metabolites in Huanjiang mini-pigs. [Methods] Ten Huanjiang mini-pigs（initial body weight 33.5±8.1 kg） were randomly assigned into 2 groups with 5 pigs each, of which one group was fed with a diet with high-level nutrient（crude protein 13.11%, digestible energy 14.73 MJ/kg）, and the other with low-level nutrient（crude protein 9.77%, digestible energy 12.24 MJ/kg）. After 75 d, all animals were killed and the samples of colonic content were collected. Total bacterial DNA of three samples of pigs per group was extracted, and used to amplify PCR for 16 S r RNA gene V4 tag fragment and sequence using high-throughput Mi Seq technique. Based on the QIIME platform, the microbial community diversity in colonic content was compared. The contents of short-chain fatty acid, ammonia, bioamine, indole, and skatole in colonic contents from five pigs per group were also analyzed using gas chromatography or liquid chromatography. [Results] Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Tenericutes were the dominant phyla in colonic content of Huanjiang mini-pigs; dietary nutrient components did not affect the microbial community diversity in colonic content of Huanjiang mini-pigs. The relative abundance of Euryarchaeota was lower in colonic content of pigs fed diet with high-level nutrient, whereas Ruminococcus and Pseudobutyrivibrio were higher than those fed diet with the low-level nutrient. The contents of acetate and propionate were lower in colonic content of pigs fed diet with high-level nutrient, but ammonia and cadaverine were higher than those fed diet with the low-level nutrient. [Conclusion] Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Tenericutes were the dominant phyla in colonic content of Huanjiang mini-pigs; diet with high-level nutrient in short feeding-period altered the contents of several colonic bacteria and their metabolic properties.