内蒙古自治区外来入侵植物的问题与对策

Problems and countermeasures of exotic invasive plants in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

随着全球经济一体化进程的不断深入,生物入侵严重威胁生态环境、公众健康及区域经济发展。本文在多年实践基础上,对国内外文献进行收集、汇总和对比分析,以明确内蒙古自治区外来植物入侵现状、发生的特点和趋势,以及对畜牧业生产和生态安全的影响等,并提出相应的防治对策,以期为内蒙古自治区外来植物入侵的防控提供理论依据。结果表明,目前,内蒙古自治区外来入侵植物已达45种,其中分属16个科36个属。入侵植物以一、二年生草本为主,占总入侵植物的79.5%,入侵来源以国内其他省区传入和国外直接传入两种途径实现;入侵植物有19种原产自美洲,占入侵植物总数的42.2%,欧洲次之,为18种。虽然内蒙古自治区外来植物入侵防控取得了一定成效,但是整体上存在重视程度不足、相关法制法规不健全、监管脱节、投入不足,评估与预警机制不健全、相关研究滞后等问题。因此,应加大资金投入,提高防范意识,建立入侵植物风险评估、早期预警监测体系,提升科研能力和监测技术水平,构建信息平台,加强对外交流,从而保障内蒙古自治区的生态安全,确保人民生命和财产安全,维护社会和谐稳定发展。

With the development of global economic integration, invasive plant species have posed serious threats to native ecosystems, public health, and regional economies. In the present paper, the exotic invasive plants were summarized and analyzed based on many years of practice and collected literatures, and the current status, occurrence characteristics, damages and trends of the invasive alien plants were clarified in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that there were total 45 invasive plant species in Inner Mongolia, which belong to 16 families and 36 genera. Among these 45 invasive plant species, 43（79.5%） species belonged to annual or biennial herb; 19 （42.2%） and 18 （40%） species originated from America and Europe, respectively. Although the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has achieved some success in the prevention and control of invasive alien plants, there were still many problems including lack of attention, imperfect related laws and regulations, insufficient supervision and investment, imperfect assessment and early warning mechanism. Therefore, the following measures were proposed wh capital investment, raising awareness of prevention, making risk assessment of warning monitoring system, improving the level of scientific research and testing technology, construction information platform and strengthen foreign exchange to ensure the ecological security of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the safety of people＇s lives and property, maintain social harmony and stability.