旅客携带和邮寄水产品传入疫病的风险分析

Import Risk Analysis of Aquatic Products Carried by Passengers and Mails

近年来我国进出境口岸频繁截获旅客携带和邮寄的水产品。为防止有害生物传入,规范进境旅客携带物、邮寄物的查验工作,便于针对性监管,对活的、冰冻的、初加工的和深加工的水产品传入病原的风险分别进行了评估。评估结果表明:携带活的水产品入境是高风险行为,应当严格禁止;初加工和深加工的水产品传入疾病的风险非常低,其风险在可以接受的水平以下;冰冻水产品的传入疫病风险较低,但影响因素很多,难以得出一个统一的风险标准,建议采取较为保守的措施。本文根据SPS协议,对这四类水产品提出了相应的风险管理方案。

In recent years, aquatic products carried by passengers and mails were intercepted frequently at entry and exit ports. In order to block the introduction of harmful microorganisms as well as further regulation of the inspection of carried and mailed articles, the risk of introducing diseases via live （including chilled）, frozen, primarily processed and deeply processed aquatic products was assessed respectively. Assessment results showed that importing live and chilled stocks was dangerous and should be prohibited strictly, carrying primarily and deeply processed products were low-risk and almost impossible to cause diseases. Therefore, its overall risk should be below the acceptable level. Although fro- zen aquatic products were low-risk, it was difficult to define a unified risk criteria due to many influencing factors, thus more conservative measures were recommended. Based on the principle of minimizing the impact on trade according to SPS Agreement, different risk management programs for the four types of aquatic products were proposed in this report.