制备纳米氧化物的乳化炸药

Emulsion Explosives for Nanometer Oxides

摘要：本文计算和测试了合有聚苯乙烯微球的特殊乳化炸药的爆轰速度。此种乳化炸药是为合成超细锂锌氧化物而设计的低爆速炸药。主要成分有硝酸锂、硝酸锌、石蜡和燃料油。水分别为气相和液相时，爆热计算值相差586KJ／kg，计算值和实验值吻合较好。研究表明乳化膏体中硝酸锂和硝酸锌的加入降低了炸药的爆轰速度。

Detonation velocities of unconventional emulsion explosives containing epispastic polystyrene （EPS） micro- balloons were studied experimentally and theoretically. Fine-particle lithium and zinc oxides have been prepared by the detonation of emulsion explosives of the metal nitrates, M （NO3） x （M = Li, Zn） as oxidizers and paraffin as fuels, at a low velocity. For the calculations in which the first set of decomposition products is assumed, predicted heats of detonation of emulsion explosives with the product H2O in the gas phase have a deviation of 586 kJ/kg from results with the product H2O in the liquid state. The results obtained enable a comparison of the usefulness of both calculating and measuring methods. The influence of lithium and zinc nitrates contained in the emulsion matrix on the detonation velocities of the explosives was discussed.