细胞自噬在帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病中的研究进展

Advances of Autophagy in Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease

细胞自噬是真核生物通过溶酶体途径来降解自身产生的错误折叠蛋白,清除细胞内受损伤或者衰老细胞器的过程,对维持细胞内的稳态以及细胞的代谢生长非常重要。近年来对于细胞自噬的研究发现其与肿瘤、心血管及神经退行性疾病的发生发展均有着密切的关系,细胞自噬的过度或者不足均能够对细胞产生毒性,进而导致错误蛋白的产生,加快疾病的发展进程。因此对细胞自噬的产生、分子机制及其在疾病中作用的研究对这些疾病的预防和控制显得尤为重要。神经退行性疾病多是以错误折叠蛋白和内含体的异常聚集为标志的疾病。这些聚集在神经元或神经组织的异常蛋白能够导致细胞毒性反应或者氧化应激,最终引起神经元的退化或死亡,影响患者的认知或运动等功能。该文主要对细胞自噬发生的机制以及细胞自噬和帕金森病以及阿尔茨海默病之间的关系做一综述。

Autophagy widely exists in eukaryotic cells and can clear intracellular misfolded protein and damaged or aged organelles through lysosomes pathway. Autophagy is very important for the maintenance of homeostasis and cell metabolism and growth. In recent years,many studies have found that autophagy plays an important role in the development of cancer,cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Excessive or inadequate autophagy are able to produce toxicity lead to misfolded protein production and accumulation,and accelerate the development of the diseases process. Therefore,the study on the autophagy induction,molecular mechanism and the role of autophagy in the process of diseases prevention and control is very important. The main characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases is the abnormal accumulation of misfolded proteins and inclusion bodies. The misfolded proteins which can cause cellular toxicity or oxidative stress in neurons or nerve tissue can lead to the degeneration or death of neurons. Ultimately,the function of patients＇ cognition or movement will be damaged. This review discusses our current understanding of the mechanism of autophagy and the relationship between autophagy and Parkinson＇s disease and Alzheimer＇s disease.