基于声-固耦合模型的车内噪声响度参数的预测与分析研究

Prediction and Research of Interior Noise Loudness Parameter Based on Vibro-acoustic Model

针对传统A计权声压级评价指标对噪声低频成分衰减较大,常常出现车内声压级达标,声品质不合格的问题。引入心理声学参数的响度参量,利用虚拟仿真技术分析评价车内声学特性。建立驾驶室声-固耦合有限元模型,结合试验激励数据,进行基于模态的声学响应计算。在Matlab平台上,建立车内声品质客观心理声学参数响度的计算模型,对比预测驾驶室内场点的声压级和响度分布,结合声压级和响度结构板块贡献量分析,研究声压级和响度参量评价驾驶室结构特性的差别并识别驾驶室主要噪声源。以此为基础指导优化驾驶室结构阻尼铺设位置,综合提高车内声学品质。

As the attenuation of the d B（A） is very large at the low frequency area of a sound, there always exists an annoying noise with the d B（A） result meet the standard. Loudness as one of the psychoacoustics parameters is introduced, the acoustic character of the interior noise is analyzed by use of the virtual simulation method. A vibro-acoustic model of the cab is built to calculate the acoustic force response with the input of experiment incentive data. Loudness objective psychoacoustics parameters calculation analysis model is built based on matlab. A comparison is made between sound pressure level distribution and loudness distribution of the indoor noise. With the help of sound pressure level contribution analysis and loudness contribution analysis, an analysis is made to find the difference between sound pressure level evaluation and loudness parameter evaluation,and then it is applied to identify relationship of vehicle interior noise source. Based on the analysis, an optimization of the cab structure damping is made, hence comprehensive improve the interior acoustic quality.