家庭药物储存及儿童用药行为现况研究

Cross-sectional study of family drug stockpile and children medication in China

目的 调查居民家庭药物储存及儿童用药行为，分析存在的问题，提出合理建议。方法 采用方便抽样的方法，随机在全国20家儿童医院门诊就诊的患儿家长进行问卷调查，并对调查结果进行描述性分析。结果 共回收13 940份完整问卷，结果显示，98.33%的中国居民有家庭药箱储备，家庭药箱中儿童药物储备种类排在前三位的分别为儿童感冒药（73.95%）、儿童内服止痛退热类药（48.01%）和儿童皮肤外用药（41.10%）；居民购买家庭儿童常备药的途径主要是根据医生的处方和指导（71.18%）；238个（1.71%）家庭曾发生过儿童药物中毒事件，过量服药为首位原因（44.96%）；22.33%的家长用药前不重视说明书；儿童用药不规范行为主要有服用成年人药物（32.70%）、不按时服药（30.90%）、孩子发热就用退热药（26.35%）。结论 中国家庭中儿童用药储备以小儿常见病的治疗药物为主，购买途径以医师处方为主，较为关注药物有效性和安全性。但儿童用药不规范行为较多，应充分发挥临床药师的咨询功能，从多个途径指导和改善儿童安全用药。

Objective To investigate the current situation of family medicine stockpile and children medication in China, analyze the existing problems and provide the rationalized suggestions. Methods The questionnaire was designed and convenient sampling survey was performed in 20 children hospitals in China. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the survey results. Results A total of 13 940 completed questionnaires were returned, 98.33% of the families had medicine stockpile, the top three types of the medicine for children were cold medicine （73.95%）, oral paregoric/febrifuge （48.01%） and external used drugs for skin disease （wound）（41.10%）. The medicine was bought according to physician＇s prescription and guide （71.18%）. Drug poisoning occurred in children of 238 families （1.71%）, overdose use was the first cause （44.96%）. 22.33% of the parents didn＇t read the specification carefully before medicine use. The non-appropriate medication for children were mainly the use of adult medicine （32.70%）, untimely medication （30.90%）, non-rational or unneeded use of febrifuge （26.35%）. Conclusions In China, the families mainly store common medicine for their children. The parents bought medicine mainly according to physician＇s prescription and paid attention to the safety and efficiency of the medicine, but non-appropriate use of medicine was still common. It is necessary to improve the rational use of medicine for children through expert counsel and guidance.