董仲舒名号思想简论

Interpretation on Dong Zhong-shu's Thought of Ming and Hao

董仲舒对名号思想的建构是以其天的哲学及春秋公羊学为理论基础的。名号乃"圣人所发天意",这是董仲舒在天的哲学架构中为名号构建了神圣来源;"名生于真",这是董仲舒基于对《春秋》案例的解读在名号与实际事物之间建立了高度契合的相符关系。这两种观念在董仲舒思想内部并不构成矛盾,它们共同为"治天下之端"在"深察名号"的可能性构建了合理性基础,进而为立基于"深察名号"的政治实践如析名见义、返名求实、擥名责实、名伦等物等提供了权威性根据及正确性保证。

Dong zhong-shu based his thought of Ming and Hao upon his philosophy of Heaven and his study of Chunqiu Gongyang. Firstly,he believed that Ming and Hao was the will of Heaven,which helped him construct a metaphysical source for Ming and Hao in his philosophic framework of the Heaven. Secondly,he argued that Ming came from the truth of things,which helped him establish a consistent relationship between Ming and Hao and the actual things. Instead of contradicting each other,these two perspectives constructed a reasonable basis for the possibility of governing the state in Deep Investigation in Names and Orders（ Shen Cha Ming Hao）,and later provided an authoritative and correct basis for political practices such as analyzing names to find out their meanings,following names to know their actual situations,checking their rightness according to their names,suggesting names,orders and seniority in the family.