基于DEM数据的达日断裂构造地貌研究

TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF DARI FAULT BASED ON THE DEM

本文基于90 m分辨率DEM,利用Arc GIS10.1软件对达日断裂地形起伏度、条带剖面、水系等方面进行提取分析,对其构造地貌特征进行研究。从最大高差-面积比法得到最佳分析窗口为43×43,其最大高差稳定的区域范围为14.98 km2。地形起伏度在15~870 m,地形起伏度大于270 m的区域占83.89%,其中起伏度大于575 m的区域占48.50%,其地形以山地地形为主。研究区的坡度在0°~50°,并且起伏度大的区域往往坡度也比较大,其受区域构造活动性影响比较大。研究区域内山体上部有多级夷平面发育,主要夷平面是4 400 m和4550 m左右,最高海拔约为4 720 m,最低海拔约为4 100 m。研究区内水系比较发育,研究区水系密度在0~0.81 km/km2,水系流向和水系密度大致NW向,与断裂走向大致相当,故研究区的水系受断裂活动构造的影响非常大。研究区的地貌特征受活动构造影响所控制,其造成地形起伏度较大,在达日断裂的影响下,断裂上下盘的地貌特征表现出明显的差异。

In this paper, based on GDEM -DEM （90m） data and geological information, we will analyze re- lief amplitude, swath profile and drainage system of Dari fault by ArcGIS10. 1 software, and study its structural features, we get the best fit window is 43 x 43 with area about 14.98 km2 by the maximum height - area ratio method, relief amplitude is between 15 - 870 m, the area of more than 270 m of relief amplitude accounted for 83.89%, and the area of more than 575 m is 48.50%, so mainly mountainous is terrain. Slope of the study area is between 0~ - 50~, and large relief amplitude is often a fairly large slope, it is greatly affected by the regional tectonic activity, in the study area, the upper mountain have multistage planation surface, main planation surface is about 4 400 m and 4 550 m, the highest elevation is about 4 720 m, the lowest elevation is about 4 100 m. drainage system of the study area have a good development, its density of drainage system is between 0 -0. 81 km/km2, the flow and density of drainage system are NW, and it is the same with the strike of the fault, so the drainage system of the study area is very greatly affected by the regional tectonic activity. In the study area, topo- graphical features is controlled by the regional tectonic activity, In the influence of Dari fault, geomorphic fea- tures of fracture is showed obvious difference on hanging wall and footwall.