氮·磷·钾肥运筹对谷子品质与产量的影响

Effect of N,P,K Fertilizer Management on the Quality and Yield of Millet

[目的]探索谷子高产施肥中氮、磷、钾肥的最佳施用方式。[方法]以谷子品种"张杂10"为材料,研究氮、磷、钾肥运筹对谷子品质与产量的影响。[结果]产量最高的处理为N_4,氮肥施用量为225 kg/hm^2,产量为7 443.55 kg/hm^2。磷肥处理产量最高的是P_5,磷肥施用量为240 kg/hm^2,产量为6 800.45 kg/hm^2。钾肥处理产量最高的是K_4,钾肥施用量为90 kg/hm^2,产量为7 180.16 kg/hm^2。氮肥施用量的增加可以显著提高产量、穗粒重、千粒重以及蛋白质和碳水化合物的含量,但降低脂肪和纤维含量;磷肥施用量的增加有利于提高产量以及蛋白质、纤维的含量,但降低脂肪含量;钾肥施用量的增加有利于提高产量以及灰分、碳水化合物、脂肪、纤维的含量,但降低蛋白质的含量。[结论]氮肥是提高产量的最主要决定性因素,磷肥和钾肥只有与氮肥相互配施才能发挥增产的效用。

[Objective] The aim was to explore the optimal fertilization way of N,P and K in high yield production of millet. [Method] With Zhangza 10 as material,effects of N,P and K fertilizer management on the quality and yield of millet were studied. [Result]The results showed that the highest yield of N was in N_4 treatment,N fertilizer application amount was 225 kg / hm^2,yield was 7 443. 55 kg/hm^2. The highest yield of P was in P_5 treatment,P fertilizer dosage was 240 kg / hm^2,yield was 6 800. 45 kg/hm^2. The highest yield of K was in K_4 treatment,K fertilizer application amount was 90 kg / hm^2,yield was 7 180. 16 kg/hm^2. Increasing the amount of N fertilizer can significantly improve the yield,grain weight per spike,1 000-grain weight and the content of protein and carbohydrate,decrease fat and fiber content. Increasing the amount of P fertilizer can help to improve yield and protein,fiber content and decrease fat content. Increasing the amount of K fertilizer can improve yield and ash,carbohydrates,fat and fiber content,reduce protein content. [Conclusion]N fertilizer is the most important factor,combined application of P,K and N fertilizer can increase the yield.