伦理道德,何种精神哲学形态?何种“中国气派”?

Ethics and Morality,What Philosophical Modality and “Characteristics of Chinese Spirit ”Should We be Concerned with?

伦理道德的本性是"精神","精神"是伦理型文化与宗教型文化的共同话语,由此可以建立起文明对话的话语平台。"‘精’—‘神’"的二元构造使其概念地内在理想与现实、普遍性与民族性相矛盾,于是建立一种关于伦理道德的精神哲学体系,寻找其"中国气派"便必须而必然。伦理道德的精神哲学体系是精神现象学、历史哲学与法哲学的统一。黑格尔所建立的"伦理世界—教化世界—道德世界"的伦理道德的"精神现象学",揭示了伦理道德的形上真理,然而它只是西方精神史的历史哲学表达,并在法哲学层面"头足倒置"。伦理世界中的中国话语是"国—家"伦理实体,"中国气派"是"家国一体、由家及国"的精神哲学规律所造就的伦理世界的"亲和";生活世界或"教化世界"的中国话语是"内圣外王"的权力伦理与"义利合一"的财富伦理,"中国气派"是对国家权力"为政以德"的道德诉求和对财富"为富不仁"的伦理批判,呈现为对生活世界的道德警惕和伦理紧张;道德世界的话语体系是"义利—理欲—公私","中国气派"是"求诸己"的自强不息的精神超越。伦理世界的亲和、生活世界的警惕与紧张、道德世界的超越,三者构成的伦理道德的精神哲学体系和精神哲学形态的"中国气质"和"中国气派"就是:伦理乐观主义和道德理想主义。

The nature of ethics and morality is 'spirit',which is the common discourse of ethical culture and also religious culture. Therefore,we can establish the foundation of dialogue between different cultural traditions. The construction of two meta-elements in'Jing-Shen'makes it contain conceptually the antinomy between ideality and reality,universality and national characters,so it is necessary and obligatory to seek'characteristics of Chinese spirit'in 'Jing-Shen'. The modality of spiritual philosophy on ethics and morality is the union of spiritual phenomenology,philosophy of history and philosophy of right. The'Spiritual Phenomenology'of ethics and morality in the cycle chain of'ethical world-edified world-moral world'which is set up by Hegel reflects the metaphysical truth of ethics and morality. However,it is just the historical philosophical explanation of the western spiritual history,and makes the mistake of'inversion between head and foot'in the philosophy of right. The Chinese discourse in ethical world is the ethical substance of 'nation-family',and the 'characteristics of Chinese spirit'is harmonious of ethical world made by rules of spiritual philosophy,which is'an organic whole of nation and family,from the family to the nation'. The Chinese discourse in living world or edified world is the ethics of power of 'sage inside and king outside'and ethics of wealth of 'the accordance of justice and profit',the 'characteristics of Chinese spirit'is a moral appeal to state power of 'governs morally',and a ethical critique to wealth of'wealthy but not moral',which is a kind of moral alert and ethical tension to edified world. The Chinese discourse in moral world contains'justice & profits-principles & desires-commonality & privately-owned',the'characteristics of Chinese spirit'is self-reflection and constant spiritual transcendence. It is ethical optimism and moral idealism that characterize the Chinese system and modality of spiritual philosophy which are comprised of the harmony of ethical world,the alert and tension of edified world,the transcendence of moral world.